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Updated: Jun 15, 2026
11:29
Real-time Video Projection in an MRI for Characterization of Neural Correlates Associated with Mirror Therapy for Phantom Limb Pain
Published on: April 20, 2019
Mirror foot--a reflection on three cases
A Mishra1, K Nelson, P McArthur
1Department of Plastic Surgery, Alder Hey Hospital, Eaton Road, West Derby, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK. anuj.mishra73@gmail.com
Summary
Mirror foot, a rare congenital duplication, involves complex surgical reconstruction. Early surgical intervention with ray reduction and arch reconstruction yields excellent functional and aesthetic outcomes in affected children.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedic surgery
- Pediatric orthopedics
- Congenital abnormalities
Background:
- Mirror-foot is an uncommon congenital anomaly characterized by extreme polydactyly.
- It represents a severe form of foot duplication, posing unique challenges in management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present three distinct cases of mirror foot.
- To discuss the surgical management strategies for this rare condition.
Main Methods:
- Detailed description of three pediatric cases with varying degrees of mirror foot.
- Surgical intervention involved complex ray resection and medial arch reconstruction.
- All procedures were performed during the pre-ambulatory period.
Main Results:
- All three patients achieved satisfactory functional and aesthetic recovery post-surgery.
- Follow-up periods ranged from 3 to 5 years, confirming sustained positive outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Surgical treatment for mirror foot is generally less complex than for its upper limb counterpart.
- Key surgical principles include initial reduction in digit number and tendon transfers for arch support.
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