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Related Concept Videos

Bus Impedance Matrix01:24

Bus Impedance Matrix

Calculating subtransient fault currents for three-phase faults in an N-bus power system involves using the positive-sequence network. When a three-phase short circuit occurs at a specific bus, the analysis uses the superposition method to evaluate two separate circuits.
In the first circuit, all machine voltage sources are short-circuited, leaving only the prefault voltage source at the fault location. The positive-sequence bus impedance matrix can be determined by solving the nodal equations,...

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Fail-safe fiber-optics data bus using active multimode mirror terminals.

W B Spillman, R L Gravel, R A Soref

    Applied Optics
    |March 9, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A prototype optical data bus using lithium tantalate (LiTaO3) electrooptic mirror terminals was successfully built and tested. This fail-safe system offers low insertion loss and compatibility with standard components, proving its feasibility for optical communications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Engineering
    • Materials Science (Lithium Tantalate)
    • Telecommunications

    Background:

    • Optical data buses are crucial for high-speed data transmission.
    • Existing systems may face limitations in fail-safe operation and component integration.
    • Electrooptic materials offer potential for advanced optical switching and modulation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and test a prototype fail-safe optical data bus.
    • To evaluate the performance of active LiTaO3 electrooptic mirror terminals.
    • To demonstrate the feasibility of this technology for current optical communication systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Construction of a prototype optical data bus system.
    • Integration of active LiTaO3 electrooptic mirror terminals.
    • Testing of system parameters including insertion loss, tapoff ratio, and modulation depth.
    • Utilizing a pulse transformer technique for voltage modulation.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved optical insertion loss < 6 dB and tapoff ratio of 13 dB in fail-safe mode.
    • Demonstrated compatibility with commercial LED sources, P-I-N photodiode detectors, and multimode fibers.
    • Obtained remote terminal modulation depth approaching 50% with 100 V applied.
    • Successfully derived required electrooptic modulation voltages from a 5-V supply using a pulse transformer.

    Conclusions:

    • The constructed prototype validates the feasibility of LiTaO3 electrooptic mirror terminal-based optical data buses.
    • The system exhibits promising performance characteristics for optical communication applications.
    • This technology represents a viable advancement in the state of the art for optical data transmission.