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Related Concept Videos

UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview01:02

Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview

Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for electronic transitions. As a result...
UV–Vis Spectrum01:30

UV–Vis Spectrum

When light passes through a substance, a portion of the light is absorbed while the remaining light is reflected or transmitted. If the molecule absorbs light between the wavelengths of 180–400 nm range, the UV spectrum is obtained, and if it absorbs light in the 400–780 nm wavelength range, the visible spectrum is obtained.     
The UV–Vis spectrum of a molecule is the plot of its absorbance versus wavelength. The plot is drawn by taking molar absorptivity (ε) or log ε on the y-axis (ordinate)...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems01:32

UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems

Organic compounds with conjugated double bonds show strong absorption features in the UV–visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum attributed to π → π* electronic excitations. Generally, a UV–vis absorption spectrum is recorded as a plot of absorbance vs wavelength. The wavelength of maximum absorbance, which manifests as a peak in the absorption spectrum, is denoted as λmax.
One of the factors influencing λmax is the extent of conjugation in the...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Beer–Lambert Law01:09

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Beer–Lambert Law

The Beer-Lambert law describes the relationship between absorbance and concentration, which combines the principles established by scientists Johann Heinrich Lambert and August Beer. Lambert's law states that when light passes through a medium, the loss in intensity is directly proportional to the original intensity and the path length of the light. Beer's law proposed that the transmittance of a solution remains constant if the product of concentration and path length is constant. The modern...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this process,...

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Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Characterization of Biological Absorption Spectra Spanning the Visible to the Short-Wave Infrared
07:38

Characterization of Biological Absorption Spectra Spanning the Visible to the Short-Wave Infrared

Published on: January 10, 2025

Two-photon absorption coefficients in uv window and coating materials.

P Liu, R Yen, N Bloembergen

    Applied Optics
    |March 9, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study measured two-photon absorption in UV materials. Some materials showed no nonlinear loss, while CdF(2) exhibited significant absorption, comparable to alkali-halides.

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    Published on: January 10, 2025

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    UV-Vis Spectroscopic Characterization of Nanomaterials in Aqueous Media
    05:16

    UV-Vis Spectroscopic Characterization of Nanomaterials in Aqueous Media

    Published on: October 25, 2021

    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Optics
    • Laser Physics

    Background:

    • Two-photon absorption (TPA) is a critical nonlinear optical phenomenon.
    • Understanding TPA in UV-transmitting materials is essential for high-power laser applications.
    • Previous research has focused on TPA in various optical materials, but data for specific UV window and coating materials at relevant wavelengths is limited.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To measure the two-photon absorption coefficients of UV transmitting window and coating materials.
    • To investigate the relationship between material band gaps and nonlinear absorption at 355 nm and 266 nm.
    • To evaluate novel materials like LiYF(4) for their suitability in high-power UV applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental measurement of two-photon absorption coefficients using laser excitation at 355 nm and 266 nm.
    • Characterization of UV transmitting window and coating materials.
    • Analysis of nonlinear absorption in relation to material band gaps and excitation photon energy (2ħω).

    Main Results:

    • Materials with band gaps larger than 2ħω exhibited nonlinear absorption below the detection limit of 3 x 10⁻⁶ cm/MW.
    • Cadmium fluoride (CdF₂) showed a two-photon absorption coefficient of 1.6 x 10⁻³ cm/MW at 266 nm, similar to alkali-halides.
    • Lithium yttrium fluoride (LiYF₄), a newly developed window material, demonstrated no detectable nonlinear loss at 266 nm.

    Conclusions:

    • Materials with sufficiently large band gaps effectively suppress two-photon absorption at the studied wavelengths.
    • CdF₂ presents significant nonlinear absorption at 266 nm, potentially limiting its use in certain high-power applications.
    • LiYF₄ is a promising candidate for UV optical components due to its negligible nonlinear optical losses.