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Related Concept Videos

Restriction Enzymes01:11

Restriction Enzymes

Restriction enzymes are bacterial enzymes used to cut DNA in a sequence-specific manner. To cleave DNA, they bind to specific palindromic sequences called restriction sites. Such palindromic DNA sequences or inverted repeats are commonly found in regions of functional significance, such as the origin of replication, gene operator sites, and regions containing transcription termination signals.
The host bacteria protect their own genomic DNA from these enzymes by methylating these sites. Some...
Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...

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[The Role of Cysteine Residues in the Interaction of Nicking Endonuclease BspD6I with DNA].

Molekuliarnaia biologiia·2020
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[Effect of single-stranded DNA binding proteins on template/primer-independent DNA synthesis in the presence of nicking endonuclease Nt.BspD6I].

Bioorganicheskaia khimiia·2012
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Nickase and a protein encoded by an open reading frame downstream from the nickase BspD6I gene form a restriction endonuclease complex.

Biochemistry. Biokhimiia·2006
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Location of the bases modified by M.BcoKIA and M.BcoKIB methylases in the sequence 5 -CTCTTC-3 /5 -GAAGAG-3.

Biochemistry. Biokhimiia·2005
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Plasmid pRARE as a vector for cloning to construct a superproducer of the site-specific nickase N.BspD6I.

Biochemistry. Biokhimiia·2004
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Significance of codon usage and irregularities of rare codon distribution in genes for expression of BspLU11III methyltransferases.

Biochemistry. Biokhimiia·2004

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Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Atomic Force Microscopy Investigations of DNA Lesion Recognition in Nucleotide Excision Repair
10:59

Atomic Force Microscopy Investigations of DNA Lesion Recognition in Nucleotide Excision Repair

Published on: May 24, 2017

Nicking endonucleases.

L A Zheleznaya1, G S Kachalova, R I Artyukh

  • 1Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia. zheleznaya@iteb.ru

Biochemistry. Biokhimiia
|March 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Nicking endonucleases, enzymes that cut single DNA strands, are subunits of heterodimeric restriction enzymes. This study reviews their mechanisms, design, and molecular biology applications.

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Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Atomic Force Microscopy Investigations of DNA Lesion Recognition in Nucleotide Excision Repair
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Atomic Force Microscopy Investigations of DNA Lesion Recognition in Nucleotide Excision Repair

Published on: May 24, 2017

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Using Modified Synthetic Oligonucleotides to Assay Nucleic Acid-Metabolizing Enzymes

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Single-Molecule Dwell-Time Analysis of Restriction Endonuclease-Mediated DNA Cleavage
09:53

Single-Molecule Dwell-Time Analysis of Restriction Endonuclease-Mediated DNA Cleavage

Published on: February 7, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Enzymology

Background:

  • Nicking endonucleases recognize specific DNA sequences and cleave a single strand.
  • Previously, they were thought to be mutated restriction enzymes lacking dimerization ability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the nature of nicking endonucleases.
  • To review their mechanisms, design, and applications in molecular biology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on restriction and nicking endonucleases.
  • Analysis of enzyme subunit structures and functions.

Main Results:

  • Nicking endonucleases are identified as subunits of heterodimeric restriction endonucleases.
  • Demonstration of their distinct biological role separate from simple restriction enzyme mutations.

Conclusions:

  • Nicking endonucleases are integral components of specific restriction enzyme systems.
  • Understanding their function facilitates the design of novel enzymes and tools for molecular biology.