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Related Concept Videos

Explicit Memories01:27

Explicit Memories

Explicit memories, also known as declarative memories, are consciously remembered, recalled, and reported. Studying for a chemistry exam involves material that will become part of explicit memory. There are two types of explicit memory: episodic and semantic.
Episodic memory contains information about personally experienced events and is reported as a story. An example of episodic memory is recalling a birthday celebration. This type of memory includes the what, where, and when of an event, as...
Autobiographical Memory01:14

Autobiographical Memory

Autobiographical memory is a unique type of episodic memory that involves recollecting personal life experiences. It allows individuals to remember significant events from their past, creating a narrative of their lives. One interesting phenomenon related to autobiographical memory is the reminiscence bump. This effect refers to the tendency of adults to recall more events from their second and third decades of life — typically between ages 10 to 30 — than from other periods. This period is...
Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual remembers mundane...
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...
Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
09:13

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

Episodic-like memory in animals.

Jonathon D Crystal1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-3013, USA. jcrystal@uga.edu

Behavioural Brain Research
|March 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored episodic memory in rats, finding they can recall unique past events, including when and where they occurred. This what-where-when memory suggests sophisticated temporal processing in animal cognition.

More Related Videos

Assessment of Memory Function in Pilocarpine-induced Epileptic Mice
13:34

Assessment of Memory Function in Pilocarpine-induced Epileptic Mice

Published on: June 4, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
09:13

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

Assessment of Memory Function in Pilocarpine-induced Epileptic Mice
13:34

Assessment of Memory Function in Pilocarpine-induced Epileptic Mice

Published on: June 4, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Animal Behavior
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Episodic memory involves recalling unique past events, including their temporal context.
  • Assessing temporal aspects of episodic memory in non-human animals presents significant challenges.
  • The role of temporal processing in episodic memory is a key area of theoretical debate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review theoretical perspectives on temporal processing in episodic memory.
  • To examine experimental evidence for temporal episodic memory in animals.
  • To evaluate recent findings on rats' memory capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Review of theoretical frameworks regarding episodic memory and time.
  • Analysis of experimental studies investigating animal memory for events.
  • Synthesis of recent research on rat memory for specific past occurrences.

Main Results:

  • Recent studies indicate rats possess what-where-when memory.
  • Rats can recall unique past events, including the time, content, and location.
  • This suggests a robust capacity for temporal episodic memory in rats.

Conclusions:

  • Episodic memory in rats appears to be grounded in a temporal framework.
  • The what-where-when memory capability in rats supports the study of episodic memory evolution.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the mechanisms of temporal episodic memory in animals.