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Related Concept Videos

Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis01:28

Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis

Bacterial pathogens depend on precise and efficient DNA replication to sustain infection. Two type II topoisomerases—DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV—are critical to this process, as they resolve DNA supercoiling and unlink chromosomes during replication. Fluoroquinolones, synthetic derivatives of quinolones, exploit this mechanism by stabilizing the transient DNA–enzyme cleavage complex, preventing strand religation, and causing lethal double-strand breaks. These antibiotics are selectively...
Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
Crossover Experiments01:16

Crossover Experiments

Crossover experiments, also called the repeated-measurements design, is a study design in which all experimental units are exposed to all treatments in different periods. Crossover experiments are generally used in psychology, the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and medicine.
Crossover designs are performed even with smaller sample sizes since the samples can act as their controls. These are better than simple randomized trials since patients are exposed to all the treatments.
Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:22

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

Generic intravenous (IV) drugs are considered bioequivalent to their branded counterparts due to their 100% bioavailability upon administration. However, variations in stability among different drug products can significantly influence their therapeutic performance, even if they are pharmaceutically equivalent.Cefuroxime, a prophylactic antimicrobial, is often used as a single-dose IV injection for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. A 3 g dose typically provides...
Drug Biotransformation: Overview01:16

Drug Biotransformation: Overview

Pharmaceutical substances known as xenobiotics are predominantly lipophilic and nonionized. This enables them to permeate lipid bilayers, such as cell membranes, and interact with intracellular target receptors. Lipophilic drugs have an advantage in crossing biological barriers and reaching their intended sites of action. However, lipophilic drugs often have a restricted capacity for renal expulsion or elimination from the body. When these drugs enter the kidneys and undergo glomerular...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Visualization of Bacterial Resistance using Fluorescent Antibiotic Probes
08:23

Visualization of Bacterial Resistance using Fluorescent Antibiotic Probes

Published on: March 2, 2020

Does ciprofloxacin have an obverse and a reverse?

Tomasz Kloskowski1, Natalia Gurtowska, Tomasz Drewa

  • 1Department of Tissue Engineering, Chair of Medical Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland. tomaszkloskowski@op.pl

Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
|March 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Ciprofloxacin, an antibiotic, demonstrates potent anti-cancer effects by inhibiting topoisomerase II, inducing apoptosis in various human cancer cells. It shows particular efficacy against non-small cell lung cancer due to lung tissue accumulation.

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Application and Methodology of the Non-destructive 19F Time-domain NMR Technique to Measure the Content in Fluorine-containing Drug Products
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Application and Methodology of the Non-destructive 19F Time-domain NMR Technique to Measure the Content in Fluorine-containing Drug Products

Published on: August 22, 2017

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Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Visualization of Bacterial Resistance using Fluorescent Antibiotic Probes
08:23

Visualization of Bacterial Resistance using Fluorescent Antibiotic Probes

Published on: March 2, 2020

Application and Methodology of the Non-destructive 19F Time-domain NMR Technique to Measure the Content in Fluorine-containing Drug Products
09:24

Application and Methodology of the Non-destructive 19F Time-domain NMR Technique to Measure the Content in Fluorine-containing Drug Products

Published on: August 22, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic primarily targeting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.
  • Emerging evidence suggests ciprofloxacin also impacts eukaryotic cells, including cancer cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the anti-cancer properties of ciprofloxacin.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of action of ciprofloxacin on human cancer cells.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of ciprofloxacin against various cancer cell lines, with a focus on non-small cell lung cancer.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro studies utilizing diverse human cancer cell lines (bladder, leukemia, osteosarcoma, prostate, colorectal, non-small cell lung cancer).
  • Analysis of ciprofloxacin's effect on cell cycle progression and induction of apoptosis.
  • Assessment of ciprofloxacin's mechanism of action via topoisomerase II inhibition.

Main Results:

  • Ciprofloxacin effectively induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in multiple human cancer cell lines.
  • The drug's bactericidal action is linked to the inhibition of topoisomerase II, crucial for DNA replication and repair.
  • Ciprofloxacin exhibits significant efficacy against non-small cell lung cancer cell lines in vitro.

Conclusions:

  • Ciprofloxacin possesses significant anti-cancer activity against a range of human malignancies.
  • Topoisomerase II inhibition is a key mechanism underlying ciprofloxacin's cytotoxic effects on cancer cells.
  • Ciprofloxacin's accumulation in lung tissue and in vitro toxicity make it a promising agent for non-small cell lung cancer treatment.