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Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators
12:18

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

Published on: August 5, 2013

High-power solid-state sapphire whispering gallery mode maser.

Daniel L Creedon1, Karim Benmessaï, Michael E Tobar

  • 1School of Physics, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA, Australia. creedon@physics.uwa.edu.au

IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control
|March 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary

We developed a new cryogenic solid-state maser frequency standard using sapphire resonators. This maser achieves output power 7 orders of magnitude greater than commercial hydrogen masers, enabling enhanced frequency stability.

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Published on: April 4, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Metrology

Background:

  • Cryogenic solid-state masers offer potential for high-precision frequency standards.
  • Sapphire resonators doped with iron ions (Fe2+/Fe3+) are key components.
  • Controlling iron ion valence is crucial for maser performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present new results on a cryogenic solid-state maser frequency standard.
  • To investigate the effect of iron ion conversion on maser output power.
  • To evaluate the frequency stability achievable with this maser.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized whispering gallery (WG) modes in a doped monocrystalline sapphire resonator (alpha-Al2O3).
  • Converted Fe2+ to Fe3+ ions via thermal annealing in air.
  • Excited maser oscillation by pumping WG modes coincident with Fe3+ electron spin resonance (ESR) energy levels at zero DC magnetic field.

Main Results:

  • A 2-stage annealing process significantly improved output power by 6 orders of magnitude for a low Fe3+ concentration crystal.
  • Achieved output signal 7 orders of magnitude more powerful than a typical commercial hydrogen maser.
  • Estimated frequency stability limit of ~1 x 10(-17)/sqrt(tau) due to the Schawlow-Townes limit.

Conclusions:

  • The developed cryogenic solid-state maser demonstrates significantly enhanced output power.
  • This maser technology shows promise for next-generation frequency standards with improved stability.
  • Optimized annealing processes are critical for maximizing maser performance.