Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...

2D NMR: Homonuclear Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY)

2D NMR: Homonuclear Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY)

Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy, or COSY, is a 2-dimensional NMR technique that provides information about coupled protons. Typically, the geminal and vicinal coupling are observed. For example, consider the COSY spectrum of ethyl acetate, where its 1D proton NMR spectrum is plotted along the vertical and horizontal axes with their corresponding chemical shift scale. Three spots on the diagonal corresponding to the three peaks in the 1D proton spectrum are called diagonal peaks. The COSY...

2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques

2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques

Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy (COSY) is a powerful technique used in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study the correlations between nuclei of the same type within a molecule. It provides information about scalar couplings between adjacent nuclei, which helps determine connectivity and structural information. There are several COSY variants, each with its unique strengths and experimental parameters.
COSY90 is the standard two-dimensional (2D) COSY experiment that...

IR Spectrometers

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...

Calibration Curves: Correlation Coefficient

Calibration Curves: Correlation Coefficient

In a linear calibration curve, there is a value called the calibration coefficient, denoted by 'r,' which measures the strength and the direction of association between two variables. The correlation coefficient value ranges from −1 to +1. A value of +1 indicates a perfect positive linear correlation, −1 denotes a perfect negative correlation, and 0 implies no correlation between the two variables. A positive correlation value establishes that as one variable increases, the other increases, and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Jejunal histopathology, metagenome, and mucosal transcriptome of broilers after an enteric challenge and fed diets with different fiber types and concentrations.

Poultry science·2026

Same author

Cecal metagenome and mucosal transcriptome of broilers after an enteric challenge and fed diets with different fiber types and concentrations<sup>1</sup>.

Poultry science·2026

Same author

Response of broilers subjected to an enteric challenge and fed diets with varying limestone particle sizes and calcium concentrations-part 1: performance, tibia mineralization, and nutrient digestibility.

Poultry science·2025

Same author

Response of YPM x Ross 708 male broilers to diets containing varying inclusions of phytase, calcium butyrate, and bacitracin methylene disalicylate from 1 to 42 d of age-part 1: performance, processing yields, and nutrient digestibility.

Poultry science·2024

Same author

Multilocus Sequence Typing of <i>Eimeria maxima</i> in Commercial Broiler Flocks.

Avian diseases·2023

Same author

Genotypic Characterization of Emerging Avian Reovirus Genetic Variants in California.

Scientific reports·2019

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Motion-Acuity Test for Visual Field Acuity Measurement with Motion-Defined Shapes

Motion-Acuity Test for Visual Field Acuity Measurement with Motion-Defined Shapes

Published on: February 23, 2024

Optical character recognition based on nonredundant correlation measurements.

B Braunecker, R Hauck, A W Lohmann

|March 10, 2010

Summary

This study introduces principal components for optical character recognition, reducing redundant measurements. Experiments demonstrate efficient character identification using fewer, optimized reference patterns.

More Related Videos

Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation

Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation

Published on: September 18, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Motion-Acuity Test for Visual Field Acuity Measurement with Motion-Defined Shapes

Motion-Acuity Test for Visual Field Acuity Measurement with Motion-Defined Shapes

Published on: February 23, 2024

Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation

Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation

Published on: September 18, 2012

Area of Science:

Computer Science
Optical Engineering
Pattern Recognition

Background:

Character recognition traditionally uses extensive reference patterns, leading to redundancy.
Identifying N characters requires only log(2)N binary decisions, indicating inefficiency in current methods.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a more efficient character recognition system by reducing reference patterns.
To introduce and utilize principal components as optimized reference patterns.

Main Methods:

Digital image processing to identify principal components from character data.
Utilizing an optical analog computer to implement character recognition with principal components.

Main Results:

Principal components effectively represent character sets, minimizing redundancy.
Experimental optical character recognition systems demonstrated successful identification using the new method.

Conclusions:

Principal components offer a computationally efficient approach to optical character recognition.
This method significantly reduces the number of reference patterns needed for accurate character identification.