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Related Concept Videos

Salivary Glands and Saliva01:23

Salivary Glands and Saliva

The salivary glands, of which there are three pairs known as the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands, play a crucial role in maintaining oral health and initiating the digestive process. Positioned near the ears, beneath the masseter muscle, the parotid glands secrete saliva into the oral cavity through the parotid duct of Stensen. Meanwhile, the submandibular glands, located on the floor of the mouth, secrete saliva through channels named submandibular ducts. The sublingual glands,...
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Diabetes Insipidus II: Pathophysiology01:22

Diabetes Insipidus II: Pathophysiology

Normally, water balance is maintained through three interconnected mechanisms: the hypothalamic thirst center, the synthesis and release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin), and the kidneys' responsiveness to this hormone. ADH is synthesized in the hypothalamus, released from the posterior pituitary, and acts on the distal nephron, allowing water reabsorption and concentrated urine production.Diabetes Insipidus and Its TypesIn diabetes insipidus (DI), this regulatory system is...
Psychosexual Stages of Personality: Oral01:16

Psychosexual Stages of Personality: Oral

The oral stage is the initial phase of Sigmund Freud's theory of psychosexual development, occurring from birth to approximately 12 to 18 months. During this period, the infant's mouth serves as the primary source of pleasure, with actions such as sucking, chewing, biting, and drinking playing a crucial role in reducing tension. These activities are essential not only for nourishment but also for the infant's psychological and emotional satisfaction.
Weaning, typically occurring around the age...
Diabetes Insipidus I: Introduction01:29

Diabetes Insipidus I: Introduction

Definition Diabetes insipidus is a disorder marked by the production of large amounts of dilute urine because of impaired vasopressin production, release, or kidney response. The lack of effective vasopressin action limits water reabsorption in the renal collecting ducts, which leads to excessive urinary water loss and intense thirst.Clinical PresentationIndividuals with diabetes insipidus report persistent thirst and very high urine output. In severe cases, fluid intake can reach up to 20...
Deglutition01:25

Deglutition

Swallowing, otherwise known as deglutition, facilitates the transport of food from the mouth to the stomach. It is a multifaceted process that involves both the tongue and the muscles of the throat and esophagus. Saliva and mucus aid in this process, which takes approximately 4 to 8 seconds for semi-solid or solid food and around 1 second for liquids or very soft food.
Swallowing can be divided into three stages: the voluntary phase, the pharyngeal phase, and the esophageal phase. Although the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Ultrasound-guided Botulinum Toxin-A Injections: A Method of Treating Sialorrhea
07:05

Ultrasound-guided Botulinum Toxin-A Injections: A Method of Treating Sialorrhea

Published on: November 9, 2016

Drooling in children.

A K Leung1, C P Kao

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary;

Paediatrics & Child Health
|March 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Drooling, often seen in children with neurological impairments, can cause social stigma and medical issues. Management focuses on the underlying cause, with options ranging from therapy to surgery for severe cases.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Neurology
  • Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • Drooling (sialorrhea) is common in children under two but prevalent in those with neurological impairments.
  • It carries significant social stigma and can lead to medical complications.
  • Drooling stems from excessive saliva production or impaired swallowing mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causes, diagnosis, and management of drooling in children.
  • To differentiate between physiological and pathological drooling.
  • To outline treatment strategies based on severity and impact.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on drooling in pediatric populations.
  • Analysis of diagnostic approaches, emphasizing history and physical examination.
Keywords:
DroolingSalivary secretionSialorrhea

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Breath Collection from Children for Disease Biomarker Discovery
06:09

Breath Collection from Children for Disease Biomarker Discovery

Published on: February 14, 2019

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Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Ultrasound-guided Botulinum Toxin-A Injections: A Method of Treating Sialorrhea
07:05

Ultrasound-guided Botulinum Toxin-A Injections: A Method of Treating Sialorrhea

Published on: November 9, 2016

Breath Collection from Children for Disease Biomarker Discovery
06:09

Breath Collection from Children for Disease Biomarker Discovery

Published on: February 14, 2019

  • Categorization of management strategies for mild, moderate, and severe drooling.

    • Main Results:

    • Most causes are identifiable through clinical assessment; laboratory tests are rarely needed.
    • Mild or intermittent drooling with minimal impact requires no active intervention.
    • Moderate to severe drooling necessitates interventions like physiotherapy, behavioral modification, medication, or surgery.

    Conclusions:

    • Diagnosis of drooling primarily relies on clinical evaluation.
    • Treatment should target the root cause of sialorrhea.
    • A tiered approach to management is effective for pediatric drooling.