Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 15, 2026
Improved Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Double Casting via Silicone Oil Treatment for Densely Packed Microstructure Replication
Published on: July 18, 2025
Sulcus depth reproduction with polyvinyl siloxane impression material: effects of hydrophilicity and impression
Hidekazu Takahashi1, Werner J Finger, Rie Kurokawa
1Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. takahashi.abm@tmd.ac.jp
Objective:
To determine the sulcus penetration ability of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) impression materials by impression technique, temperature, and sulcus width.
Method And Materials:
Hydrophilic Flexitime (FLE; Heraeus Kulzer) and its hydrophobic counterpart (EXP) without surfactant were investigated, using light (L), monophase (M), and heavy (H) consistencies. A truncated steel cone surrounded by a 2-mm-deep and 50-, 100-, or 200-microm-wide sulcus, simulating the gingival tissue with agar, served as the test model. Impressions were made with single-mix (L or M) and double-mix (LM or LH) techniques at 23 degrees C and 37 degrees C, respectively. The reproduced sulcus heights were measured with a 3D laser scanner. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey HSD (P < .05).
Results:
Irrespective of sulcus widths and temperature FLE-L penetrated deepest (> 1.9 mm); FLE-M, -LM, and-LH reproductions were shorter with narrow sulci. Reproductions of 50- and 100-microm sulci with EXP-L were shallower than with FLE-L. The shortest reproduction was, however, greater than 1.6 mm.
Conclusions:
In spite of some significant differences found in sulcus-reproducing ability with hydrophilic and hydrophobic impression materials applied at different impression-making temperatures and with different techniques, the practical relevance is limited.
