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Cytokine polymorphisms and Alzheimer disease: possible associations
G Ribizzi1, S Fiordoro, S Barocci
1Department of Neurology, Ospedale S. Martino, L.go R. Benzi, 10, 16100, Genoa, Italy. gribizz1@tin.it
This study found specific alleles in anti-inflammatory cytokine genes, like IL-4 and IL-10, are more common in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, suggesting a link to disease progression. The APO-E E4 allele was also significantly present in AD patients.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Genetics
- Immunology
Background:
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves neurodegeneration and inflammation.
- Cytokines play a role in AD pathogenesis and progression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare genotypic and allelic polymorphisms of 13 cytokine genes in AD patients and controls.
- To investigate the association of APO-E and ACE gene polymorphisms with AD.
Main Methods:
- Genotyping of 13 cytokine genes (IL-1A, IL-1B, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-G, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, IL-1R, IL-1RA, IL-4RA) in 19 AD patients and 20 controls.
- APO-E and ACE gene polymorphisms analyzed in AD patients.
- MMSE scores used to assess dementia severity.
Main Results:
- Significant higher percentages of the C allele (-590 promoter) and T allele (-1098 promoter) of IL-4 were found in AD patients (P < 0.0006, P < 0.0005).
- The C allele of IL-10 (-819 promoter) showed lesser significance (P < 0.03) in AD patients.
- The APO-E E4 allele was statistically significant in AD patients; ACE gene polymorphisms showed no difference.
Conclusions:
- Findings suggest a pro-inflammatory environment in AD patients, potentially due to lower expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine genes with specific alleles.
- Further large-scale studies are needed to confirm the association of cytokine alleles/haplotypes with AD.
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