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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
The Retina01:32

The Retina

The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.

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Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
07:11

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Published on: May 25, 2020

Foveal cone photoreceptor involvement in primary open-angle glaucoma.

Martijn J Kanis1, Hans G Lemij, Tos T J M Berendschot

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Graefe'S Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology = Albrecht Von Graefes Archiv Fur Klinische Und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie
|March 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Foveal cone photoreceptors are impaired in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), indicated by reduced directional cone reflectance (Rd) and inner limiting membrane (ILM) reflectance. These findings suggest structural damage in POAG patients with central visual field defects.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness.
  • The impact of POAG on the integrity of foveal cone photoreceptors remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate potential impairments in foveal cone photoreceptors in patients diagnosed with POAG.
  • To assess specific optical and structural parameters related to foveal cone integrity in POAG.

Main Methods:

  • Fundus reflectometry and a model-fit procedure were used to measure parameters including directional cone reflectance (Rd) and inner limiting membrane (ILM) reflectance.
  • Optical coherence tomography (OCT) assessed macular thickness.
  • A cohort of 19 POAG eyes and 34 age-matched control eyes were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Directional cone reflectance (Rd) and ILM reflectance were significantly lower in POAG patients compared to controls.
  • OCT revealed significantly reduced macular thickness in POAG patients within the central 1-6 mm rings.
  • No linear relationship was found between Rd and visual field sensitivity in POAG patients.

Conclusions:

  • Foveal cone photoreceptor integrity, specifically the outer segments, is compromised in POAG.
  • Reduced reflectance at the inner limiting membrane (ILM) is also observed in POAG patients with advanced central visual field defects.