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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

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Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Lung microRNA Profiling Across the Estrous Cycle in Ozone-exposed Mice

Lung microRNA Profiling Across the Estrous Cycle in Ozone-exposed Mice

Published on: January 7, 2019

Computational identification and microarray-based validation of microRNAs in Oryctolagus cuniculus.

Guiming Liu¹, Yongjun Fang, Hongming Zhang

¹James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. liugm@big.ac.cn

Molecular Biology Reports

|March 10, 2010

Summary

Researchers identified 274 microRNAs (miRNAs) in rabbits using cross-species comparison. These findings reveal conserved and evolving miRNA families, with specific expression patterns and roles in key biological processes.

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Area of Science:

Genomics
Molecular Biology
Evolutionary Biology

Background:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression.
They are crucial in various biological processes, including mRNA degradation and translation repression.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and characterize microRNAs in Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit).
To investigate the evolutionary conservation and diversification of miRNAs across mammals.
To analyze miRNA expression patterns and their target genes' functions.

Main Methods:

Cross-species comparative genomics for miRNA prediction.
Microarray and RT-PCR for expression analysis.
Bioinformatic target prediction and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis.

Main Results:

Identified 266 genes encoding 274 mature miRNAs in Oryctolagus cuniculus.
Most identified miRNAs are ancient and conserved across mammals, with some species-specific variations indicating ongoing evolution.
Specific expression patterns were observed in brain, spleen, muscle, heart, and ovary.
miRNA targets are significantly enriched in GO categories related to signal transduction and transcriptional regulation.

Conclusions:

The study provides a comprehensive catalog of rabbit miRNAs, highlighting their evolutionary dynamics.
Conserved and novel miRNAs play significant roles in rabbit physiology, particularly in neural and reproductive tissues.
These findings contribute to understanding miRNA function and evolution in mammals.