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Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Ex Vivo Infection of Murine Epidermis with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

Ex Vivo Infection of Murine Epidermis with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

Published on: August 24, 2015

Cholesterol-binding viral proteins in virus entry and morphogenesis.

Cornelia Schroeder¹

¹Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstr. 108, D-01307, Dresden, Germany. cornelia.schroeder@mpi-cbg.de

Sub-Cellular Biochemistry

|March 10, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Viral proteins like HIV gp41, influenza M2, and Semliki Forest virus E1 bind cholesterol, impacting virus entry, assembly, and budding. This cholesterol interaction is crucial for viral lifecycle and pathogenesis.

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Area of Science:

Virology
Molecular Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

Cholesterol binding by viral proteins is implicated in virus entry and morphogenesis.
Few viral cholesterol-binding proteins have been characterized, including those in HIV, influenza A virus, and Semliki Forest virus.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the role of cholesterol binding in viral proteins.
To investigate the mechanisms and implications of cholesterol-protein interactions in viral lifecycle.

Main Methods:

Characterization of viral proteins and their interaction with cholesterol.
Site-directed mutagenesis to study the function of cholesterol recognition consensus (CRAC) motifs.
Analysis of viral fusion, assembly, and budding processes.
Use of cholesterol affinity columns and artificial membranes.

Main Results:

HIV gp41 uses a CRAC motif for cholesterol binding, essential for fusion.
Influenza A virus M2 protein binds cholesterol via CRAC motifs, influencing assembly and virulence.
Semliki Forest virus E1 protein directly binds cholesterol, affecting budding and host range.

Conclusions:

Cholesterol binding is a significant factor in the lifecycle of various viruses.
Viral proteins utilize specific motifs, such as CRAC, to interact with cholesterol.
Targeting these cholesterol-binding interactions could offer new antiviral strategies.