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Obesity

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...

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PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

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Updated: Jun 15, 2026

A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta

A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta

Published on: September 27, 2017

Obesity, pregnancy, inflammation, and vascular function.

F C Denison¹, K A Roberts, S M Barr

¹Queen's Medical Research Institute, Centre for Reproductive Biology, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK. fiona.denison@ed.ac.uk

Reproduction (Cambridge, England)

|March 11, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal obesity increases risks for mothers and babies, largely due to inflammation. This review explores how adipose tissue and inflammation impact pregnancy outcomes.

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Area of Science:

Reproductive biology
Immunology
Endocrinology

Background:

Maternal obesity is linked to adverse outcomes for mothers and newborns.
Mechanisms driving these risks are not fully understood.
Inflammation is implicated in obesity complications in non-pregnant individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current knowledge on adipose tissue biology and its endocrine/inflammatory roles.
To present evidence linking inflammation to adverse pregnancy outcomes.
To focus on inflammation in adipose tissue, systemic circulation, placenta, and endothelium.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on maternal obesity, adipose tissue, and inflammation.
Synthesis of research on inflammatory mediators in pregnancy.
Analysis of the role of inflammation in key maternal and fetal tissues.

Main Results:

Adipose tissue functions as an endocrine and inflammatory organ.
Heightened inflammatory responses are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Inflammation in maternal adipose tissue, systemic circulation, placenta, and endothelium contributes to risks.

Conclusions:

Inflammation is a key mediator of adverse pregnancy outcomes in obese mothers.
Understanding these inflammatory pathways is crucial for improving maternal and infant health.
Further research into adipose tissue and inflammatory mechanisms is warranted.