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A multilevel confirmatory factor analysis of the Practice Environment Scale: a case study.
Byron J Gajewski1, Diane K Boyle, Peggy A Miller
1Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Schools of Medicine and Nursing, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA. bgajewski@kumc.edu
Nursing Research
|March 11, 2010
Summary
The Practice Environment Scale (PES) is a valid tool for assessing nursing practice environments. Multilevel analysis confirms its reliability for both individual nurses and unit-level quality improvement.
Area of Science:
- Nursing Quality Indicators
- Health Services Research
- Psychometrics
Background:
- The Practice Environment Scale (PES) collects data from registered nurses (RNs) in hospital units for quality improvement and research.
- Existing data collection methods allow for individual, unit, or hospital-level analyses.
- There is a need to validate the PES at both individual and unit levels.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the validity of the PES using multilevel confirmatory factor analysis.
- To demonstrate the application of this analytical approach through a case study.
Main Methods:
- A multilevel confirmatory factor analysis was performed on data from 72,889 RNs across 4,783 nursing units.
- The analysis examined factorial, convergent, and discriminant validity at unit and RN levels.
- Criterion-related validity was assessed by correlating PES domains with job enjoyment items.
Main Results:
- Multilevel factor analysis confirmed factorial, convergent, and discriminant validity.
- Evidence supports the PES's validity at both the unit and individual registered nurse levels.
Conclusions:
- The Practice Environment Scale (PES) is a valid instrument for nursing quality improvement and research.
- The findings support the PES's utility for both unit-level and individual registered nurse assessments.
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