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Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Measuring Spatially- and Directionally-varying Light Scattering from Biological Material
Published on: May 20, 2013
Atmospheric modeling for space measurements of ground reflectances, including bidirectional properties
Abstract:
A fairly accurate analytical expression of the measured reflectance is established for the general case of a non-Lambertian and nonuniform ground by separating the atmospheric and surface effects. The signal is nearly linear in the function of intrinsic atmospheric reflectance, the actual target reflectance, and two average ground reflectances, angular and spatial, to be defined. Contrast reduction by the atmosphere, defined in the cases of Lambertian and directional ground reflectances, has been evaluated using this formulation.
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