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Related Concept Videos

Methods of Obtaining Topography01:25

Methods of Obtaining Topography

Topography involves measuring and mapping land elevations, natural features, and artificial structures to create accurate representations of the terrain. Topographic surveying relies on traditional and modern methods, each with distinct advantages and limitations.Traditional Surveying Methods:Transit stadia surveys and plane table surveys were widely used traditional surveying methods. These techniques relied on instruments like theodolites and stadia rods for measuring distances and angles,...
Topographic Surveying and Contours01:29

Topographic Surveying and Contours

Topographic surveying is critical for documenting the Earth's surface, focusing on capturing elevations, slopes, and natural and man-made features. It is essential in construction planning, water resource management, and land-use analysis. The primary outcome of such surveys is a topographic map, which uses contour lines to visually represent the shape and slope of the terrain, providing valuable insights into the landscape's characteristics.Contour lines are fundamental to understanding the...
Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy01:16

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...
Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Full-Field Optical Coherence Microscopy for Histology-Like Analysis of Stromal Features in Corneal Grafts
07:51

Full-Field Optical Coherence Microscopy for Histology-Like Analysis of Stromal Features in Corneal Grafts

Published on: October 21, 2022

Corneal topography using moiré contour fringes.

T Kawara

    Applied Optics
    |March 11, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a new method for corneal topography using moiré contour fringes. The technique accurately profiles corneal shapes, aiding in the diagnosis of conditions like keratoconus.

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Biomedical Optics
    • Medical Imaging

    Background:

    • Accurate corneal topography is crucial for diagnosing and managing various eye conditions.
    • Existing methods may have limitations in precision or applicability to certain corneal abnormalities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and evaluate a novel moiré contour fringe technique for precise human corneal topography.
    • To assess the utility of this method in characterizing normal and abnormal corneal configurations.

    Main Methods:

    • Moiré contour fringes were generated on the human cornea after fluorescein instillation.
    • A telecentric optical system established a constant depth interval of 0.148 mm between fringes.
    • Meridional sections of corneas were quantitatively profiled with high accuracy (approximately 0.005 mm).

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    Corneal Confocal Microscopy: A Novel Non-invasive Technique to Quantify Small Fibre Pathology in Peripheral Neuropathies
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    Corneal Confocal Microscopy: A Novel Non-invasive Technique to Quantify Small Fibre Pathology in Peripheral Neuropathies

    Published on: January 3, 2011

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

    Full-Field Optical Coherence Microscopy for Histology-Like Analysis of Stromal Features in Corneal Grafts
    07:51

    Full-Field Optical Coherence Microscopy for Histology-Like Analysis of Stromal Features in Corneal Grafts

    Published on: October 21, 2022

    Corneal Confocal Microscopy: A Novel Non-invasive Technique to Quantify Small Fibre Pathology in Peripheral Neuropathies
    11:29

    Corneal Confocal Microscopy: A Novel Non-invasive Technique to Quantify Small Fibre Pathology in Peripheral Neuropathies

    Published on: January 3, 2011

    Main Results:

    • The moiré fringe technique successfully generated contour fringes on the corneal surface.
    • Quantitative profiling of corneal meridional sections achieved high accuracy.
    • The method demonstrated its capability in mapping corneal topography.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed moiré contour fringe method offers an advantageous approach to corneal topography.
    • This technique is particularly beneficial for determining the configuration of abnormal corneas, including keratoconus and post-surgical changes.
    • The high accuracy supports its potential clinical application in ophthalmology.