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Related Concept Videos

Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving01:09

Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving

The radiation pressure applied by an electromagnetic wave on a perfectly absorbing surface equals the energy density of the wave. The wave's momentum also gets transferred to the surface when an electromagnetic wave is entirely absorbed by it. The rate at which momentum is transmitted to an absorbing surface perpendicular to the propagation direction equals the force on the surface.
The average value of the rate of momentum transfer divided by the absorbing area represents the average force per...
Momentum And Radiation Pressure01:20

Momentum And Radiation Pressure

An object absorbing an electromagnetic wave would experience a force in the direction of propagation of the wave. This force occurs because electromagnetic waves contain and transport momentum. The force accounts for the wave's radiation pressure exerted on the object. Maxwell's prediction was confirmed in 1903 by Nichols and Hull by precisely measuring radiation pressures with a torsion balance. The measuring instrument had mirrors suspended from a fiber kept inside a glass container. Nichols...
Gauss's Law: Cylindrical Symmetry01:20

Gauss's Law: Cylindrical Symmetry

A charge distribution has cylindrical symmetry if the charge density depends only upon the distance from the axis of the cylinder and does not vary along the axis or with the direction about the axis. In other words, if a system varies if it is rotated around the axis or shifted along the axis, it does not have cylindrical symmetry. In real systems, we do not have infinite cylinders; however, if the cylindrical object is considerably longer than the radius from it that we are interested in,...
Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes01:23

Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes

Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is purely axial,...
Fluid Pressure over Curved Plate of Constant Width01:12

Fluid Pressure over Curved Plate of Constant Width

When a curved plate of constant width is submerged in a liquid, the pressure acting normal to the plate varies continuously both in magnitude and direction. Calculating the magnitude and location of the resultant force at a point is often challenging for such cases. One of the methods to determine the resultant force and its location involves separately calculating the horizontal and vertical components of the resultant force. This complex calculation can be simplified by representing the...
Concept of Pressure at a Point01:15

Concept of Pressure at a Point

The concept of pressure at a point in a fluid establishes that pressure within a fluid is uniform in all directions at a specific location. This uniformity occurs because fluid molecules exert force evenly across any point due to their random motion and continuous collisions within the fluid. Pressure at a point is determined by the surrounding fluid molecules and is influenced by factors like depth and density, rather than by shape or orientation.
In a fluid at rest, pressure acts equally in...

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Blast Quantification Using Hopkinson Pressure Bars
09:41

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Published on: July 5, 2016

Radiation pressure on randomly oriented infinite cylinders.

A Cohen, P Alpert

    Applied Optics
    |March 11, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Radiation pressure on nonabsorbing dielectric cylinders is perpendicular to the cylinder axis, not along incident light direction. This causes small, randomly oriented particles to spread away from the light

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    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Optics
    • Electromagnetism

    Background:

    • Radiation pressure is a fundamental force exerted by electromagnetic radiation.
    • Understanding particle behavior under radiation pressure is crucial in astrophysics and material science.
    • Previous studies often assumed pressure aligned with incident radiation for simplicity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To derive expressions for radiation pressure on infinite dielectric cylinders at oblique incidence.
    • To analyze the directionality of radiation pressure for nonabsorbing cylinders.
    • To extend findings to other small nonspherical particles and discuss implications for space applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Developing theoretical expressions for radiation pressure.
    • Analyzing the dependence of radiation pressure on the size parameter (α).
    • Considering oblique incidence conditions for dielectric cylinders.

    Main Results:

    • Radiation pressure on nonabsorbing cylinders is perpendicular to the cylinder axis, not along the incident radiation direction (except for normal incidence).
    • This directional effect is applicable to other small nonspherical particles.
    • A group of randomly oriented particles will spread away from the incident radiation's propagation direction.

    Conclusions:

    • The direction of radiation pressure is critical for understanding particle dynamics.
    • Findings should be considered when comparing radiation pressure effects with solar wind dynamic pressure on space particles.
    • The study provides new insights into light-matter interactions for nonspherical particles.