Development and fertility studies on post-bio-electrosprayed Drosophila melanogaster embryos

Bio-electrosprays (BESs) provide a means of precisely manipulating cells and thus have the potential for many clinical uses such as the generation of artificial tissuesorgans. Previously we tested the biological safety of this technology with a variety of living cells and also embryos from the vertebrate model organisms Danio rerio (zebrafish) and Xenopus tropicalis (frog). However, the viability and fertility of the treated embryos could not be fully assessed due to animal licensing laws. Here we assay the viability and fertility of Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) embryos in conjunction with the bio-electrospray procedure. Bio-electrosprayed Drosophila embryos developed into fully fertile adult flies that were indistinguishable from wild-type. Thus, we demonstrate that the bio-electrospray procedure does not induce genetic or physical damage that significantly affects the development or fertility of a multicellular organism. This study along with our previous investigations demonstrates the potential of this approach to be developed for the precise manipulation of sensitive biological materials.