Biosensing and drug delivery at the microscale : novel devices for controlled and responsive drug delivery

An overall objective of pharmaceutical research is the controlled release or delivery of drugs at the biological target site in a therapeutically and pharmacodynamically optimal amount. In relation to "intelligent" drug delivery, several basic aspects are important, i.e., release of active pharmaceutical ingredients from the formulation, transport to and penetration across biological barriers, and subsequent biotransformation depending on a controlled release process. Future development of advanced and/or controlled drug releasing systems, e.g. polymeric or particulate drug targeting systems, nano-carbon tube related and/or nano-pillar based drug release, or electronically mediated molecule delivery, is expected to take advantage of progress in molecular cell biology, cell and tissue engineering, membrane nano-biophysics, and bioelectronic properties (Bramstedt et al. 2005; Gardner et al. 2006). In this chapter novel aspects of the development of innovative drug delivery systems described and are categorized into polymeric, lipid-based or electronically mediated delivery systems (De la Heras et al. 2004).