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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches
13:36

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches

Published on: May 6, 2015

[Theory for prophylactic AIDS vaccine development].

Takushi Nomura1, Tetsuro Matano

  • 1International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan. nomutaku@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Uirusu
|March 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing an effective AIDS vaccine requires understanding how to induce immune responses that control persistent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication. This review examines antibodies and T lymphocytes for potential vaccine strategies.

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New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals
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Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches
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New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals
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New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals

Published on: May 30, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Vaccinology

Context:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) due to the failure of host immune responses to control viral replication.
  • Spontaneous remission is not observed in HIV infections, necessitating the development of effective vaccines.

Purpose:

  • To review the key adaptive immune responses, specifically antibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, crucial for controlling HIV infection.
  • To discuss potential mechanisms for HIV control through vaccine-induced antibody, memory B lymphocyte, and memory T lymphocyte responses.

Summary:

  • This review focuses on antibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocytes as critical components for controlling HIV.
  • It explores how vaccine-induced antibody, memory B lymphocyte, and memory T lymphocyte responses could contribute to viral control.
  • An ongoing international clinical trial for a Sendai virus vector-based AIDS vaccine is also mentioned.

Impact:

  • Provides insights into potential strategies for designing effective HIV vaccines.
  • Highlights the importance of adaptive immunity in controlling persistent viral infections.
  • Informs future research and development in AIDS vaccine technology.