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Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Visualization of Intensity Levels to Reduce the Gap Between Self-Reported and Directly Measured Physical Activity
Published on: March 7, 2019
Postpartum physical activity: measuring theory of planned behavior constructs
Derek Hales1, Kelly R Evenson, Fang Wen
1Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. derekh@email.unc.edu
Objectives:
To produce evidence for factor validity and longitudinal invariance of scales used to examine the theory of planned behavior applied to physical activity.
Methods:
Self-report questionnaires were administered at 3- (n = 267) and 12-months (n = 333) postpartum.
Results:
A single-factor model fit data from the normative beliefs, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral beliefs scales. Attitude and control beliefs were found to be multidimensional. Longitudinal invariance of all scales was supported.
Conclusions:
Each scale had strong validity evidence. Future research using these measures will help identify areas for intervention and reveal how changes in these constructs influence physical activity.
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