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Related Concept Videos

Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I01:25

Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I

A model is a theoretical way to understand a concept or an idea. Models can overcome barriers to health regardless of diverse economic and cultural backgrounds. In addition, models make the task easier by providing different ways to approach complex issues. There are two major health promotion models: the health belief model and the health promotion model.
The health belief model (HBM) attempts to predict health-related behavior in specific belief patterns. According to the HBM, a person's...
Steps in the Modeling Process01:14

Steps in the Modeling Process

Albert Bandura's theory of observational learning identifies four critical processes: attention, retention, motor reproduction, and reinforcement or motivation.
Attention is the first necessary component for observational learning. It involves focusing on what the model is doing and saying. For example, if you decide to take a drawing class to enhance your skills, you need to pay close attention to the instructor's words and hand movements. The characteristics of the model significantly...
Regression Toward the Mean01:52

Regression Toward the Mean

Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when researchers try to extrapolate results...
Social Cognitive Perspective on Personality01:30

Social Cognitive Perspective on Personality

Social cognitive perspectives on personality emphasize the importance of conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals in shaping behavior. These perspectives incorporate behaviorist principles, such as learning through reinforcement and conditioning, but extend beyond them by highlighting human reasoning and planning. Unlike traditional behaviorist views, social cognitive theory focuses on how individuals reflect on their past experiences and plan for future outcomes by considering...
Concepts of Health and Illness01:29

Concepts of Health and Illness

Health is a condition of the body, mind, and spirit where an individual remains free from illness. Similarly, wellness is an active state, including living a lifestyle that promotes physical, mental, and emotional health. Physical health is critical for the overall well-being and can be affected by lifestyle, activity level, diet, and behavior. The highest attainable standard of health is a fundamental and universal human right. Consider Lisa, a fifteen-year-old born with congenital...
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Visualization of Intensity Levels to Reduce the Gap Between Self-Reported and Directly Measured Physical Activity
05:59

Visualization of Intensity Levels to Reduce the Gap Between Self-Reported and Directly Measured Physical Activity

Published on: March 7, 2019

Postpartum physical activity: measuring theory of planned behavior constructs.

Derek Hales1, Kelly R Evenson, Fang Wen

  • 1Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. derekh@email.unc.edu

American Journal of Health Behavior
|March 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study validated scales measuring the theory of planned behavior for physical activity. The scales demonstrated strong validity and consistency over time, supporting their use in future research.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Visualization of Intensity Levels to Reduce the Gap Between Self-Reported and Directly Measured Physical Activity
05:59

Visualization of Intensity Levels to Reduce the Gap Between Self-Reported and Directly Measured Physical Activity

Published on: March 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Science
  • Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is a key framework for understanding health behaviors, including physical activity.
  • Validating measurement scales is crucial for reliable research on TPB constructs.
  • Postpartum is a critical period for physical activity interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide evidence for the factor validity of scales measuring TPB constructs related to physical activity.
  • To assess the longitudinal invariance of these scales over the postpartum period.
  • To support the use of validated TPB measures in physical activity research.

Main Methods:

  • Administered self-report questionnaires to postpartum women at 3 and 12 months.
  • Utilized statistical modeling to examine scale factor structure and longitudinal invariance.
  • Sample sizes were 267 at 3 months and 333 at 12 months.

Main Results:

  • A single-factor model demonstrated good fit for normative beliefs, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral beliefs scales.
  • Attitude and control beliefs were found to be multidimensional.
  • Longitudinal invariance was supported across all scales, indicating measurement consistency over time.

Conclusions:

  • The validated scales provide strong evidence of reliability and validity for measuring TPB constructs.
  • These measures can be effectively used in future research to identify intervention targets.
  • Understanding changes in TPB constructs can elucidate their influence on postpartum physical activity.