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Related Concept Videos

Probiotics01:22

Probiotics

Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that confer health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex microbial ecosystem, and the balance of this microbiota is crucial for digestive and systemic health. Among the most extensively studied and utilized probiotics are species formerly classified within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These organisms not only naturally colonize the human gut but are also consumed through...
Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics01:21

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics

Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity, and disease...
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Oral Intubation of Adult Zebrafish: A Model for Evaluating Intestinal Uptake of Bioactive Compounds
04:33

Oral Intubation of Adult Zebrafish: A Model for Evaluating Intestinal Uptake of Bioactive Compounds

Published on: September 27, 2018

Probiotics and immunity: a fish perspective.

S K Nayak1

  • 1Laboratory of Fish Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Japan. sukantanayak@rediffmail.com

Fish & Shellfish Immunology
|March 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Probiotics, live microorganisms conferring health benefits, are crucial in aquaculture for enhancing fish immunity. Supplementation modulates immune responses, improving disease resistance and overall fish health.

Area of Science:

  • Aquaculture
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Probiotics are live microorganisms that provide health benefits to hosts.
  • They are increasingly used in aquaculture to improve production and fish health.
  • Commonly used probiotics include species from genera like Lactobacillus, Bacillus, and Saccharomyces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics in fish.
  • To evaluate factors influencing probiotic-induced immune responses in aquaculture.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on probiotics in fish immunology.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the impact of probiotic supplementation on fish immune parameters.
  • Examination of factors affecting probiotic efficacy, such as source, type, dose, and duration.

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Generation, Maintenance, and Identification of Germ-Free Zebrafish Models from Larvae to Juvenile Stages

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Oral Intubation of Adult Zebrafish: A Model for Evaluating Intestinal Uptake of Bioactive Compounds
04:33

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Published on: September 27, 2018

Generation, Maintenance, and Identification of Germ-Free Zebrafish Models from Larvae to Juvenile Stages
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Generation, Maintenance, and Identification of Germ-Free Zebrafish Models from Larvae to Juvenile Stages

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Main Results:

  • Probiotics significantly enhance both systemic and local immunity in fish.
  • Supplementation increases phagocytic activity, lysozyme, complement, and respiratory burst activity.
  • Probiotics stimulate the gut immune system, increasing Ig(+) cells and acidophilic granulocytes.
  • Gene expression related to immune function is upregulated by probiotics.

Conclusions:

  • Probiotics are effective in modulating fish immune systems, contributing to disease resistance.
  • The efficacy of probiotics is strain-specific and influenced by various supplementation factors.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms of probiotic action in fish.