Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 15, 2026
07:42
An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat
Published on: May 19, 2020
Functionally uni-leaflet mitral valves in a family: a case series
Prathap Kanagala1, Stephanie Baker, Lawrence Green
1Department of Medical Physics, Grantham & District Hospital, Grantham, Lincolnshire, UK.
Summary
Functionally uni-leaflet mitral valves, a rare condition, are typically incompatible with life. This study reports three asymptomatic adults with near-complete absence of the posterior mitral leaflet, a finding previously thought to be fatal.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Congenital Heart Disease
- Cardiac Morphology
Background:
- Functionally uni-leaflet mitral valves are exceptionally rare congenital heart anomalies.
- Severe forms are generally considered incompatible with survival beyond the neonatal period.
Observation:
- A case series involving three adult patients with a unique mitral valve anomaly.
- The patients presented with an almost complete absence of the posterior mitral valve leaflet.
Findings:
- Despite the severe anatomical abnormality, all three adult patients were asymptomatic.
- Mitral regurgitation was mild in all observed cases.
- This represents the first reported familial occurrence of this specific mitral valve malformation.
Implications:
- Challenges the established understanding of mitral valve development and its impact on long-term survival.
- Suggests potential genetic factors influencing mitral valve development within families.
- Highlights the importance of considering rare cardiac anomalies in asymptomatic individuals.
Related Concept Videos
01:27Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction
IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
01:20Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
01:26Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management
Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
01:22Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
01:19Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management
The nursing management of Mitral Valve Prolapse, or MVP, centers around patient education, symptom monitoring, and lifestyle modifications.Patient Education on MVP Diagnosis and Heredity: Nurses should provide comprehensive education about MVP, a condition where the mitral valve does not close appropriately during heartbeats. This education often includes the condition's pathophysiology, symptoms, and potential complications, like arrhythmias or mitral regurgitation. Though not fully...
01:22Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management
IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular tachycardia.