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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

Published on: July 5, 2015

Distinct frontal systems for response inhibition, attentional capture, and error processing.

D J Sharp¹, V Bonnelle, X De Boissezon

¹Division of Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom. david.sharp@imperial.ac.uk

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|March 12, 2010

Summary

Stopping an action requires attention and inhibition. This study found that the presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA) is specifically involved in inhibiting actions, while other frontal regions handle attention to unexpected events.

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A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology

Background:

Stopping an action involves both attending to a signal and inhibiting the motor response.
Previous neuroimaging studies have not clearly distinguished the neural bases of attention and inhibition in stopping tasks.
The right inferior frontal gyrus is implicated in responding to unexpected stimuli, suggesting a role in attentional capture.

Purpose of the Study:

To differentiate the neural contributions of attentional capture and response inhibition during action stopping.
To investigate the roles of specific frontal brain regions, including the right inferior frontal gyrus and medial frontal cortex, in stopping.
To test the hypothesis that lateral frontal regions support attentional capture and medial frontal regions, specifically the presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA), mediate response inhibition.

Main Methods:

Utilized a modified Stop Signal Task designed to control for the attentional capture effects of stop signals.
Acquired functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data from 26 healthy adult volunteers.
Contrasted brain activity patterns associated with unexpected stimulus presentation versus successful action stopping.

Main Results:

Successful stopping correlated with activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus and the pre-SMA.
Pre-SMA activation uniquely distinguished successful stopping from a baseline condition controlling for attentional capture.
Unsuccessful stopping attempts were associated with activation in the anterior cingulate cortex.

Conclusions:

The findings suggest that the pre-SMA plays a critical and specific role in the inhibition of ongoing motor actions.
The right inferior frontal gyrus appears to be involved in the attentional processing of unexpected signals.
These results align with nonhuman primate research, reinforcing the pre-SMA's function in motor inhibition.