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Related Concept Videos

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Goiter01:27

Goiter

Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...

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Updated: Jun 15, 2026

A Versatile, Behavioral Method to Investigate Thyroid Hormone Effects on Cerebellar Function
04:05

A Versatile, Behavioral Method to Investigate Thyroid Hormone Effects on Cerebellar Function

Published on: October 6, 2023

Subclinical hypothyroidism presenting with gait abnormality.

Bengt Edvardsson1, Staffan Persson

  • 1Department of Neurology, Lund University Hospital, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden. Bengt.Edvardsson@med.lu.se

The Neurologist
|March 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Subclinical hypothyroidism, a common condition, can cause gait abnormalities like cerebellar ataxia. Prompt thyroid function testing and treatment are recommended for patients with unexplained gait issues.

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Clinical-oriented Three-dimensional Gait Analysis Method for Evaluating Gait Disorder
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Clinical-oriented Three-dimensional Gait Analysis Method for Evaluating Gait Disorder

Published on: March 4, 2018

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Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

A Versatile, Behavioral Method to Investigate Thyroid Hormone Effects on Cerebellar Function
04:05

A Versatile, Behavioral Method to Investigate Thyroid Hormone Effects on Cerebellar Function

Published on: October 6, 2023

Clinical-oriented Three-dimensional Gait Analysis Method for Evaluating Gait Disorder
06:54

Clinical-oriented Three-dimensional Gait Analysis Method for Evaluating Gait Disorder

Published on: March 4, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Subclinical thyroid disease is prevalent, especially in older adults.
  • Management of subclinical hypothyroidism remains a topic of debate.
  • Gait disturbances are sometimes reported in patients with overt hypothyroidism.

Observation:

  • A 61-year-old man exhibited a mild, unsteady, broad-based gait, diagnosed as a slight cerebellar ataxic gait.
  • Initial investigations, including head CT, were unremarkable.
  • Thyroid function tests revealed elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone with normal free thyroxine and positive thyroglobulin antibodies, indicating subclinical hypothyroidism.

Findings:

  • The patient demonstrated a rapid and complete resolution of his gait disturbance upon initiation of thyroxine treatment.
  • This case highlights a potential neurological manifestation of subclinical hypothyroidism.

Implications:

  • Thyroid function screening is crucial for patients presenting with unexplained gait abnormalities, particularly cerebellar ataxia.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism may prevent or reverse neurological symptoms.
  • This finding contributes to the understanding of the clinical spectrum of thyroid dysfunction.