Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Glioblastoma induces whole-brain spectral change in resting state fMRI: Associations with clinical comorbidities and overall survival.

NeuroImage. Clinical·2023
Same author

Conformal in-ear bioelectronics for visual and auditory brain-computer interfaces.

Nature communications·2023
Same author

Hierarchies in Visual Pathway: Functions and Inspired Artificial Vision.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2023
Same author

Slow-wave modulation analysis during states of unconsciousness using the novel tau-modulation method.

Journal of neural engineering·2023
Same author

Simulation and Experimental Study of a Piezoelectric Stack Energy Harvester for Railway Track Vibrations.

Micromachines·2023
Same author

Genome-wide Association Identifies Novel Etiological Insights Associated with Parkinson's Disease in African and African Admixed Populations.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2023
Same journal

Retraction Note: NSD2 targeting reverses plasticity and drug resistance in prostate cancer.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Enhanced B cell priming induces broadly neutralizing HIV-1 apex antibodies.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Vaccination elicits HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies in primates.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Child online safety needs more than social-media bans.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Ebola preparedness must start with ecosystems and before humans show symptoms.

Nature·2026
Same journal

AI tools can speed up thinking, but evidence still comes from the lab bench.

Nature·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Shape Memory Polymers for Active Cell Culture
10:53

Shape Memory Polymers for Active Cell Culture

Published on: July 4, 2011

Tunable polymer multi-shape memory effect.

Tao Xie1

  • 1Mail Code: 480-106-710, Chemical Sciences and Materials Systems Laboratory, General Motors Research and Development Center, 30500 Mound Road, Warren, Michigan 48090-9055, USA. tao.xie@gm.com

Nature
|March 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Perfluorosulphonic acid ionomers (PFSAs) demonstrate multiple shape memory effects, including dual, triple, and quadruple, without altering material composition. This breakthrough enhances shape memory polymer capabilities for advanced applications.

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
11:17

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

Published on: January 19, 2016

Fabrication of a Bioactive, PCL-based "Self-fitting" Shape Memory Polymer Scaffold
09:37

Fabrication of a Bioactive, PCL-based "Self-fitting" Shape Memory Polymer Scaffold

Published on: October 23, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Shape Memory Polymers for Active Cell Culture
10:53

Shape Memory Polymers for Active Cell Culture

Published on: July 4, 2011

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
11:17

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

Published on: January 19, 2016

Fabrication of a Bioactive, PCL-based "Self-fitting" Shape Memory Polymer Scaffold
09:37

Fabrication of a Bioactive, PCL-based "Self-fitting" Shape Memory Polymer Scaffold

Published on: October 23, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Shape memory polymers (SMPs) offer transformative potential in applications like aerospace and biomedicine due to their ability to recover programmed shapes.
  • Current SMPs are limited to memorizing one or two temporary shapes, restricting their complexity and utility.
  • Achieving multi-shape memory effects typically requires complex synthesis to introduce multiple phase transitions or material composition changes to tune transition temperatures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of perfluorosulphonic acid ionomers (PFSAs) to exhibit multi-shape memory effects.
  • To demonstrate that tunable multi-shape memory effects can be achieved in a single material without altering its composition.
  • To overcome the limitations of existing shape memory polymers regarding the number of memorized shapes and tunability.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized perfluorosulphonic acid ionomer (PFSA) as the material of study.
  • Investigated the shape memory behavior of PFSA under various stimuli.
  • Characterized the reversible phase transitions within the PFSA material.
  • Demonstrated the ability to program and recover multiple temporary shapes.

Main Results:

  • Perfluorosulphonic acid ionomer (PFSA) exhibited dual, triple, and at least quadruple-shape memory effects.
  • These multi-shape memory capabilities were achieved despite PFSA possessing only one broad reversible phase transition.
  • The shape memory transition temperatures were highly tunable without any modification to the PFSA material composition.

Conclusions:

  • Perfluorosulphonic acid ionomers represent a novel class of materials capable of unprecedented multi-shape memory effects.
  • The ability to tune transition temperatures without compositional changes offers significant advantages for practical applications.
  • This research expands the capabilities of shape memory polymers, paving the way for more sophisticated smart materials.