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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
09:43

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

Performance of asynchronous fiber-optic code division multiple access system based on three-dimensional

Jaswinder Singh1

  • 1Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Beant College of Engineering and Technology, Gurdaspur, Punjab, India. j_singh73@rediffmail.com

Applied Optics
|March 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel 3-D wavelength/time/space codes for asynchronous optical code-division-multiple-access (CDMA) systems, achieving zero off-peak autocorrelation and unity cross-correlation for enhanced performance and user capacity.

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Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
07:45

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

Published on: February 6, 2014

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Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
09:43

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
07:45

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

Published on: February 6, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Optical Communications
  • Information Theory
  • Telecommunications Engineering

Background:

  • Asynchronous optical code-division-multiple-access (CDMA) systems require efficient coding schemes to manage multiple users.
  • Existing two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) codes face limitations in cross-correlation properties and user capacity.
  • Antipodal signaling and differential detection are employed for signal processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel family of 3-D wavelength/time/space codes for asynchronous optical CDMA.
  • To achieve "zero" off-peak autocorrelation and "unity" cross-correlation properties.
  • To analyze the code generation capacity and performance compared to existing schemes.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a new 3-D code family based on prime wavelengths (W) and time chips (T).
  • Mathematical derivation of code generation conditions and constraints, particularly for cross-correlation.
  • Analysis of code-set-size to code-size ratio for user capacity estimation.
  • Simulation of an optical CDMA system with four users to evaluate performance improvements.

Main Results:

  • A maximum of [(W x T+1) x W] codes generated for unity cross-correlation, with W and T being prime numbers.
  • Maximum code generation achieved when the number of space channels (S) is less than or equal to the minimum of W and T.
  • Demonstrated a code-set-size to code-size ratio greater than W/S, supporting a large number of users (e.g., 12,213 total, 130 simultaneous at BER 10^-9).
  • An arrayed-waveguide-grating-based encoder/decoder design eliminates the need for multiple star couplers and fiber ribbons.
  • Insertion loss in coders is significantly reduced through post-encoding amplification, improving system performance.

Conclusions:

  • The novel 3-D codes offer superior performance and capacity for asynchronous optical CDMA systems.
  • The proposed encoder/decoder design simplifies hardware requirements and reduces complexity.
  • Loss compensation techniques effectively mitigate insertion loss, enhancing overall system efficiency and reliability.