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Updated: Jun 15, 2026

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Light deflector using a chalcogenide amorphous loaded LiNbO(3) waveguide.

S Zembutsu, J Noda, H Iwasaki

    Applied Optics
    |March 12, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A novel large-angle Bragg deflector was developed using a photoinduced refractive-index change in an amorphous film on a lithium niobate waveguide. This device achieved nearly 40-degree optical beam deflection, demonstrating efficient light manipulation.

    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Waveguide Technology
    • Materials Science for Optical Devices
    • Integrated Optics

    Background:

    • Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) is a key material for integrated optics due to its electro-optic properties.
    • Controlling light propagation in waveguides is crucial for optical communication and signal processing.
    • Amorphous chalcogenide films offer tunable optical properties via photoinduced effects.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a large-angle Bragg deflector.
    • To investigate the use of photoinduced refractive-index changes in amorphous films for optical deflection.
    • To analyze the performance of such a device on a lithium niobate waveguide.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a Ti-diffused LiNbO3 waveguide.
    • Loading an As-Se-S-Ge amorphous film onto the waveguide.

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  • Utilizing photoinduced refractive-index change to create a Bragg grating.
  • Employing modal analysis and coupled wave theory for device characterization.

    • Main Results:

    • Optical fields and effective indices in the LiNbO3 waveguide were strongly affected by the amorphous overlayer's index change.
    • Analytical derivation of coupling coefficient and interaction length using coupled wave theory.
    • Experimental achievement of nearly 40-degree optical deflection.
    • Demonstrated short interaction length with increased refractive-index change or film thickness.

    Conclusions:

    • The demonstrated Bragg deflector effectively manipulates light propagation using photoinduced effects in amorphous films.
    • The device performance is highly dependent on the refractive-index change and film thickness.
    • This technology shows promise for compact and efficient optical beam steering applications.