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Related Concept Videos

Gauss's Law: Spherical Symmetry01:26

Gauss's Law: Spherical Symmetry

A charge distribution has spherical symmetry if the density of charge depends only on the distance from a point in space and not on the direction. In other words, if the system is rotated, it doesn't look different. For instance, if a sphere of radius R is uniformly charged with charge density ρ0, then the distribution has spherical symmetry. On the other hand, if a sphere of radius R is charged so that the top half of the sphere has a uniform charge density ρ1 and the bottom half has a uniform...
Gravity between Spherical Bodies01:27

Gravity between Spherical Bodies

Newton's law of gravitation describes the gravitational force between any two point masses. However, for extended spherical objects like the Earth, the Moon, and other planets, the law holds with an assumption that masses of spherical objects are concentrated at their respective centers.
This assumption can be proved easily by showing that the expression for gravitational potential energy between a hollow sphere of mass (M) and a point mass (m) is the same as it would be for a pair of extended...
Gravitation Between Spherically Symmetric Masses01:14

Gravitation Between Spherically Symmetric Masses

The gravitational potential energy between two spherically symmetric bodies can be calculated from the masses and the distance between the bodies, assuming that the center of mass is concentrated at the respective centers of the bodies.
Electric Field of a Non Uniformly Charged Sphere01:22

Electric Field of a Non Uniformly Charged Sphere

Gauss's law states that the electric flux through any closed surface equals the net charge enclosed within the surface. This law is beneficial for determining the expressions for the electric field for a particular charge distribution if the electric flux is known.
Consider a non-uniformly charged sphere, for which the density of charge depends only on the distance from a point in space and not on the direction. Such a sphere has a spherically symmetrical charge distribution. Here, the electric...
Angular Momentum: Single Particle01:10

Angular Momentum: Single Particle

Angular momentum is directed perpendicular to the plane of the rotation, and its magnitude depends on the choice of the origin. The perpendicular vector joining the linear momentum vector of an object to the origin is called the “lever arm.” If the lever arm and linear momentum are collinear, then the magnitude of the angular momentum is zero. Therefore, in this case, the object rotates about the origin such that it lies on the rim of the circumference defined by the lever arm magnitude.
The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths
11:34

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Published on: July 1, 2019

Light scattering by randomly oriented spheroidal particles.

S Asano, M Sato

    Applied Optics
    |March 12, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study reveals that randomly oriented spheroidal particles exhibit distinct light scattering properties compared to spheres. Spheroids show larger scattering cross-sections and different angular scattering patterns, impacting atmospheric light scattering models.

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    Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

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    Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

    Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths
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    Published on: July 1, 2019

    Measuring Spatially- and Directionally-varying Light Scattering from Biological Material
    11:57

    Measuring Spatially- and Directionally-varying Light Scattering from Biological Material

    Published on: May 20, 2013

    Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles
    08:44

    Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

    Published on: March 2, 2020

    Area of Science:

    • Optical Physics
    • Atmospheric Science
    • Computational Physics

    Background:

    • Understanding light scattering by non-spherical particles is crucial for interpreting atmospheric and planetary observations.
    • Previous models often simplified particle shapes, limiting accuracy for complex aerosols.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a computational method for calculating light scattering by randomly oriented spheroids.
    • To compare scattering properties of spheroids with spheres and experimental data.
    • To analyze the impact of spheroid shape on scattering characteristics.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a computation scheme integrating Asano and Yamamoto's solution for homogeneous spheroids.
    • Calculated extinction, scattering cross sections, asymmetry factor, and scattering matrix elements.
    • Compared results for prolate and oblate spheroids with spherical particle calculations and laboratory measurements.

    Main Results:

    • Spheroids generally have larger scattering cross sections and asymmetry factors than spheres of equivalent volume.
    • The normalized scattering matrix for spheroids exhibits symmetry with six independent elements.
    • Angular scattering patterns of spheroids differ significantly from spheres, especially at side and backscattering angles.
    • Strong forward and weak backscattering characterize the angular intensity distribution for spheroids.

    Conclusions:

    • Randomly oriented spheroids possess unique light scattering signatures compared to spheres.
    • The findings are applicable to understanding light scattering in Earth and planetary atmospheres.
    • Spheroid shape significantly influences scattering behavior, necessitating their inclusion in atmospheric models.