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Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference01:30

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...
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Distance Measurements by Taping

Tapes are essential in surveying for accurate, durable, and short-distance measurements. Made from lightweight, nylon-coated steel, they offer flexibility and strength for rugged outdoor use. The nylon coating protects against rust and wear, extending the tape's life. Standard lengths, around 30 meters, are marked in meters and millimeters for precision.Surveyors select tapes based on site conditions and accuracy needs. Lightweight, nylon-coated tapes are commonly used for ease of handling and...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
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Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
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The Doppler effect has several practical, real-world applications. For instance, meteorologists use Doppler radars to interpret weather events based on the Doppler effect. Typically, a transmitter emits radio waves at a specific frequency toward the sky from a weather station. The radio waves bounce off the clouds and precipitation and travel back to the weather station. The radio frequency of the waves reflected back to the station appears to decrease if the clouds or precipitation are moving...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection
16:11

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Published on: April 26, 2014

First fringe measurements with a phase-tracking stellar interferometer.

M Shao, D H Staelin

    Applied Optics
    |March 12, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study demonstrates a two-telescope stellar interferometer tracking Polaris fringes. Future applications include optical aperture synthesis and very long-baseline astrometry.

    Area of Science:

    • Astronomy and Astrophysics
    • Optical Interferometry

    Background:

    • Stellar interferometry enables high-resolution astronomical observations.
    • Accurate path-length control is crucial for fringe tracking in interferometers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a prototype two-telescope stellar interferometer for fringe tracking.
    • To assess the performance of the interferometer under specific observing conditions.
    • To explore future applications in optical aperture synthesis and astrometry.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a 1.5-m baseline two-telescope stellar interferometer.
    • Tracked white-light fringes (0.4-0.9 microm) from Polaris.
    • Employed continuous fringe phase and amplitude measurements with specific integration times and collecting areas.

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    The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
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    The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
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    Published on: August 12, 2013

  • Implemented a servo system to maintain equal path lengths to 0.1-microm rms.

    • Main Results:

    • Successfully tracked white-light fringes from Polaris under 2-arc sec seeing conditions.
    • Demonstrated the capability to track fringes from a fainter star (8.7-mg) with improved seeing conditions.
    • The servo system effectively cancelled path-length variations due to Earth's rotation and atmospheric turbulence.

    Conclusions:

    • The prototype interferometer shows promise for high-precision astrometry.
    • Future two-color phase measurements will enable optical aperture synthesis and very long-baseline astrometry.
    • This technology advances capabilities for detailed stellar observation and mapping.