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Related Concept Videos

Classification and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Polymers01:28

Classification and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Polymers

Synthetic polymers are classified as elastomers, fibers, or plastics based on their crystallinity. Crystallinity, the degree of long-range order in the solid state, influences the mechanical properties (stretching or contracting) of elastomers. Elastomers are flexible polymers that can expand or contract easily upon the application of an external force. They have numerous crosslinks that pull them back into their original shape when stress is removed. Silicones, for instance, are highly elastic...
Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution01:10

Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution

For any given polymer, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is higher than, if not equal to, the number average molecular weight (Mn). The only situation in which the weight average molecular weight and the number average molecular weight are equal is when a polymer consists only of chains with equal molecular weight. However, this never happens in a synthetic polymer, since it is difficult to control the polymerization process up to a molecular level with accuracy to a hundred percent.

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The Preparation and Properties of Thermo-reversibly Cross-linked Rubber Via Diels-Alder Chemistry
07:02

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Published on: August 25, 2016

Particles in model filled rubber: dispersion and mechanical properties.

H Montes1, T Chaussée, A Papon

  • 1Physico-chimie des Polymères et Milieux Dispersés, ESPCI ParisTech, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231, Paris Cedex 5, France. helene.montes@espci.fr

The European Physical Journal. E, Soft Matter
|March 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Filler particle arrangement in rubber significantly impacts mechanical properties. Aggregated particles cause the Payne effect and temperature-dependent modulus, unlike well-separated particles, suggesting glassy bridges are key.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Filled rubbers are widely used polymers with enhanced properties due to filler particles.
  • Understanding filler-particle interactions is crucial for optimizing rubber performance.
  • The Payne effect and temperature dependence of modulus are key mechanical characteristics of filled rubbers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of filler particle arrangement on the Payne effect and temperature dependence of the elastic modulus in model filled rubbers.
  • To elucidate the role of filler aggregation and interparticle interactions in determining mechanical properties.
  • To provide evidence for the contribution of glassy bridges to the behavior of filled rubbers.

Main Methods:

  • Design of model filled rubber systems with identical chemical structures but varied filler arrangements.
  • Characterization of Payne effect (strain softening at small strain amplitudes).
  • Measurement of elastic modulus dependence on temperature.

Main Results:

  • Well-separated filler particles eliminated the Payne effect and minimized temperature dependence of the elastic modulus.
  • Aggregated filler particles exhibited significant Payne effect and a pronounced decrease in elastic modulus with increasing temperature.
  • These distinct behaviors were correlated with the presence or absence of interparticle glassy bridges.

Conclusions:

  • Particle arrangement in the elastomeric matrix is a critical determinant of the Payne effect and temperature-dependent elastic modulus.
  • Aggregated filler particles, forming glassy bridges, lead to significant Payne effect and temperature sensitivity.
  • The findings highlight the crucial role of glassy bridges in dictating the mechanical properties of filled rubbers.