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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue01:23

Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue

Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
Bone Matrix
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a connective tissue that has a large amount of two different types of matrix material. The organic matrix is similar to the matrix material found in other connective tissues, including some amount of collagen and elastic fibers. This gives strength and flexibility to the tissue. The inorganic matrix consists of mineral salts— mostly calcium salts— that give the...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
Classification of Bones01:18

Classification of Bones

The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The long...

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Deletion of the scavenger receptor Scarb1 in osteoblast progenitors and myeloid cells does not affect bone mass.

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Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains
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Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains

Published on: November 30, 2021

What old means to bone.

Stavros C Manolagas1, A Michael Parfitt

  • 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Health Care System, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. manolagasstavros@uams.edu

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM
|March 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Skeletal aging is poorly understood, but osteocyte death, driven by oxidative stress and other factors, significantly weakens bones. Understanding these mechanisms is key to preventing age-related fractures.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Skeletal Biology
  • Cellular Aging

Background:

  • The impact of aging in other organs on the skeleton is well-documented.
  • Conversely, the intrinsic aging processes of the skeleton itself remain largely unexplored.
  • Age-related bone loss and fragility are significant health concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fundamental mechanisms of skeletal aging.
  • To identify the role of osteocyte aging and death in age-related bone decline.
  • To explore potential targets for preventing age-related fractures.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current evidence on skeletal aging mechanisms.
  • Analysis of the lifespan and death of osteocytes in relation to skeletal age.
  • Identification of molecular pathways implicated in osteocyte aging.

Main Results:

  • Osteocyte death is a primary contributor to age-related bone strength decline.
  • Oxidative stress is a fundamental mechanism driving skeletal aging.
  • Autophagy failure and nuclear pore dysfunction are implicated in osteocyte death.

Conclusions:

  • Osteocyte aging and death are critical factors in skeletal aging.
  • Understanding mechanisms like oxidative stress can reveal targets for fracture prevention.
  • Further research into osteocyte aging is needed to combat age-related bone fragility.