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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
07:49

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

Published on: October 14, 2014

[Anaphylaxis during anaesthesia].

Anne Berit Guttormsen1, Torkel Harboe, Geert de Pater

  • 1Kirurgisk serviceklinikk, Haukeland universitetssykehus, 5021 Bergen, og, Institutt for kirurgiske fag, Universitetet i Bergen. anne.guttormsen@helse-bergen.no

Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening : Tidsskrift for Praktisk Medicin, Ny Raekke
|March 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Anaphylaxis during anesthesia is rare but life-threatening. Prompt treatment with adrenaline and supportive care is crucial for patient survival and preventing long-term effects.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
07:49

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

Published on: October 14, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Immunology
  • Allergy

Context:

  • Anaphylaxis is a severe, systemic hypersensitivity reaction.
  • Managing anaphylaxis during general and local anesthesia requires specific knowledge.
  • Understanding triggers and patient risk factors is essential.

Purpose:

  • To provide guidance on diagnosing anaphylaxis during anesthesia.
  • To outline treatment protocols for anaphylaxis under anesthesia.
  • To detail follow-up strategies for patients experiencing anaphylaxis.

Summary:

  • Anaphylactic reactions during anesthesia vary in severity, often involving skin, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems simultaneously.
  • Early administration of adrenaline, fluids, and oxygen is vital for survival.
  • Neuromuscular blocking agents are a primary cause, with potential cross-sensitization from pholcodine-containing cough syrups.

Impact:

  • Standardized diagnosis and treatment improve patient outcomes.
  • Identifying at-risk patients pre-anesthesia can prevent severe reactions.
  • Awareness of novel triggers like pholcodine-induced cross-sensitization enhances safety.