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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...
Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
10:31

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice

Published on: May 2, 2025

Abnormalities in signaling pathways in diabetic nephropathy.

Frank C Brosius1, Charbel C Khoury, Carolyn L Buller

  • 1Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 5520 MSRB1, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0680, USA, Tel.: +1 734 764 3157, , fbrosius@umich.edu.

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism
|March 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) involves complex signaling pathway abnormalities. This review highlights newer findings on pathways like bradykinin, mTOR, and JAK/STAT in DN progression.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
10:31

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice

Published on: May 2, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes, leading to kidney failure.
  • DN is characterized by albuminuria, declining glomerular filtration rate, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
  • Numerous signaling abnormalities underlie DN pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding signaling pathways in diabetic nephropathy.
  • To emphasize novel findings and insights into DN-related signaling.
  • To discuss key pathways including bradykinin, mTOR, JAK/STAT, MCP-1, VEGF, and others.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on recent research in diabetic nephropathy signaling.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on implicated molecular pathways.
  • Emphasis on newer findings and conceptual shifts.

Main Results:

  • Significant expansion in the understanding of DN signaling pathways.
  • Identification of multiple key pathways (e.g., bradykinin, mTOR, JAK/STAT) driving DN.
  • Newer insights into the roles of VEGF, MCP-1, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase.

Conclusions:

  • Signaling pathway dysregulation is central to diabetic nephropathy.
  • Emerging research provides a deeper understanding of DN pathogenesis.
  • Targeting these pathways offers potential therapeutic strategies for DN.