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Related Concept Videos

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
Drug Dosage Regimen: Overview01:15

Drug Dosage Regimen: Overview

A drug dosage regimen describes the specific instructions and schedule for administering a drug to a patient. It considers factors such as drug dosage, frequency, route of administration, and duration of treatment. Designing an appropriate dosage regimen for a patient aims to achieve a target drug concentration at the site of action.
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Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
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The development of extended-release formulations has facilitated the transition from intravenous to oral medication, offering a more convenient and patient-friendly approach to drug administration. This transition, however, requires careful management to ensure that therapeutic drug levels are maintained, preserving efficacy and avoiding adverse effects. Understanding pharmacokinetic principles and dosage calculations is critical during this process.Pharmacokinetics of the...
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Updated: Jun 15, 2026

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
06:59

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

Published on: November 9, 2016

Medication errors involving oral chemotherapy.

Saul N Weingart1, Julio Toro, Justin Spencer

  • 1Center for Patient Safety, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. saul_weingart@dfci.harvard.edu

Cancer
|March 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Medication errors with oral chemotherapy, including wrong dose and missed doses, are common. Improving prescribing, dispensing, administration, and monitoring is crucial for patient safety.

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A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Patient Safety

Background:

  • Oral chemotherapies are increasingly used in cancer treatment.
  • Medication errors can occur during prescribing, dispensing, administration, and monitoring of these drugs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine medication errors associated with oral chemotherapy.
  • To identify the types and frequency of errors and their impact on patient safety.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a comprehensive search of medical literature and internet sources.
  • Reviewed reports from the Medication Errors Reporting Program and MEDMARX.
  • Solicited incident reports from 14 cancer centers and collected data from their own institution.

Main Results:

  • Identified 99 adverse drug events, 322 near misses, and 87 low-risk errors.
  • Most common errors: wrong dose (38.8%), wrong drug (13.6%), wrong duration (11.0%), and missed dose (10.0%).
  • Wrong duration of supply led to adverse events in 39.3% of cases.

Conclusions:

  • Oral chemotherapy safety necessitates enhanced processes for ordering, dispensing, administration, and monitoring.
  • Systemic improvements are required to minimize medication errors and ensure patient well-being.