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Proportionality between chest wall resistance and elastance.

G M Barnas1, D Stamenović, J J Fredberg

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|February 1, 1991
PubMed
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This study found that chest wall hysteresivity (eta w) is consistent across normal breathing frequencies and volumes, indicating coupled elastic and dissipative processes. Respiratory muscle contraction increases energy dissipation relative to storage.

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Respiratory Mechanics

Background:

  • Fredberg and Stamenovic established a relationship between lung tissue resistance (R) and elastance (E) using hysteresivity (eta).
  • The invariance of eta for lung tissue suggests coupled elastic and dissipative processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the phenomenological relationship (omega R = eta E) for the chest wall and its compartments.
  • To determine the constancy and utility of chest wall hysteresivity (eta w) across various breathing conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of existing experimental data on chest wall mechanics.
  • Calculation of hysteresivity (eta) for the whole chest wall (eta w) and its components (rib cage, diaphragm-abdomen, belly wall).
  • Examination of eta under varying frequencies, tidal volumes, and during respiratory muscle activation.

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Main Results:

  • Chest wall hysteresivity (eta w) remained relatively constant (0.27-0.37) within normal breathing ranges.
  • Component hysteresivities (eta rc, eta d-a) showed some variation but were generally well-matched to eta w.
  • Hysteresivity increased significantly at higher frequencies (>1 Hz) and with respiratory muscle contraction.

Conclusions:

  • Elastic and dissipative processes in the chest wall are coupled during normal breathing.
  • The component parts of the chest wall exhibit well-matched hysteresivities.
  • Respiratory muscle activity enhances energy dissipation relative to storage.
  • Relaxed chest wall resistance (R) can be estimated from elastance (E).