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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:

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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Effect of radiation-induced amorphization on smectite dissolution.

C Fourdrin1, T Allard, I Monnet

  • 1Institut de Minéralogie et de Physique des Milieux Condensés (IMPMC), CNRS, Université Paris 6, Université Paris 7, IPGP, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Campus Boucicaut, rue de Lourmel, Paris, France. chloe.fourdrin@impmc.jussieu.fr

Environmental Science & Technology
|March 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radiation amorphization of smectite clays, crucial for nuclear waste repositories, significantly increases silica dissolution. This finding impacts repository safety assessments, especially concerning potential leaks.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Geochemistry
  • Nuclear Engineering

Background:

  • Smectite clays are vital components in nuclear waste repositories.
  • Radiation damage, particularly from alpha recoil nuclei and fission products, can alter clay properties.
  • Understanding radiation-induced structural changes is critical for repository safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of radiation-induced amorphization on smectite.
  • To simulate the impact of high-level nuclear waste radiation on clay behavior.
  • To assess the consequences of amorphization on clay dissolution rates.

Main Methods:

  • Artificial irradiation using 925 MeV Xenon ions up to 73 MGy.
  • Characterization of amorphization via X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
  • Measurement of dissolution rates far-from-equilibrium.

Main Results:

  • Observed coalescence of smectite sheets, leading to loss of interparticle porosity.
  • Amorphization characterized by loss of long-range structure and dehydroxylation.
  • Dissolution rate of amorphous smectite showed a two-fold increase in silica in solution compared to reference clay, with potential for orders of magnitude enhancement due to surface area.

Conclusions:

  • Irradiation-induced amorphization of smectite facilitates material dissolution.
  • This phenomenon must be considered in the safety assessment of high-level nuclear waste repositories.
  • Potential leakage scenarios involving alpha emitters can lead to smectite amorphization over time, impacting long-term repository integrity.