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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Mechanism of Angiogenesis01:10

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
Autoregulation of Blood Flow01:17

Autoregulation of Blood Flow

Autoregulation mechanisms are characterized by their inherent capacity for self-regulation without necessitating specific nervous stimulation or endocrine control. These mechanisms facilitate the adjustment of blood flow and, therefore, perfusion specific to each tissue region. This self-regulation encompasses chemical signals and myogenic controls.
Chemical Signaling in Autoregulation
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Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Molecular Analysis of Endothelial-mesenchymal Transition Induced by Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling
07:49

Molecular Analysis of Endothelial-mesenchymal Transition Induced by Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling

Published on: August 3, 2018

TGF-beta and microvessel homeostasis.

Tony E Walshe1

  • 1Schepens Eye Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. tony.walshe@schepens.harvard.edu

Microvascular Research
|March 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is crucial for maintaining healthy blood vessels. Aberrant TGF-beta signaling contributes to vascular diseases like hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and preeclampsia.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Cell Signaling
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Aberrant transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling is implicated in fibrotic diseases and cancer.
  • Emerging evidence highlights TGF-beta's role in maintaining vascular homeostasis.
  • TGF-beta receptors are expressed in the adult vasculature, suggesting a role beyond pathological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent evidence on the non-redundant role of TGF-beta signaling.
  • To elucidate the function of TGF-beta in maintaining vessel structure and function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent evidence.
  • Analysis of studies on human pathologies involving TGF-beta signaling, such as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) and preeclampsia.

More Related Videos

Development and Characterization of In Vitro Microvessel Network and Quantitative Measurements of Endothelial [Ca2+]i and Nitric Oxide Production
09:39

Development and Characterization of In Vitro Microvessel Network and Quantitative Measurements of Endothelial [Ca2+]i and Nitric Oxide Production

Published on: May 19, 2016

Microperfusion Technique to Investigate Regulation of Microvessel Permeability in Rat Mesentery
12:48

Microperfusion Technique to Investigate Regulation of Microvessel Permeability in Rat Mesentery

Published on: September 12, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Molecular Analysis of Endothelial-mesenchymal Transition Induced by Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling
07:49

Molecular Analysis of Endothelial-mesenchymal Transition Induced by Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling

Published on: August 3, 2018

Development and Characterization of In Vitro Microvessel Network and Quantitative Measurements of Endothelial [Ca2+]i and Nitric Oxide Production
09:39

Development and Characterization of In Vitro Microvessel Network and Quantitative Measurements of Endothelial [Ca2+]i and Nitric Oxide Production

Published on: May 19, 2016

Microperfusion Technique to Investigate Regulation of Microvessel Permeability in Rat Mesentery
12:48

Microperfusion Technique to Investigate Regulation of Microvessel Permeability in Rat Mesentery

Published on: September 12, 2015

Main Results:

  • TGF-beta signaling is essential for normal vascular homeostasis.
  • Dysregulated TGF-beta signaling is observed in vascular pathologies like HHT and preeclampsia.
  • Studies in these disorders reveal complex roles of TGF-beta in the vasculature.

Conclusions:

  • TGF-beta signaling plays a critical, non-redundant role in maintaining adult vessel structure and function.
  • Understanding TGF-beta's vascular roles is vital for addressing fibrotic diseases, cancer, and specific vascular disorders.