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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis centers on injury to pancreatic acinar cells, which initiates a cascade of harmful intracellular events.This injury leads to premature activation of trypsinogen to trypsin in the pancreas. Trypsin then activates other digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsin, elastase, and phospholipase A2, which begin breaking down pancreatic tissue. The resulting autodigestion causes local inflammation, tissue swelling, hemorrhage, and fat necrosis.Injured acinar cells...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

A Simple and Rapid Method for Simultaneous Isolation of Primary Islets and Primary Pancreatic Acinar Cells from Mice

A Simple and Rapid Method for Simultaneous Isolation of Primary Islets and Primary Pancreatic Acinar Cells from Mice

Published on: January 9, 2026

Drug induced pancreatitis.

Claudia J Nitsche¹, Nigel Jamieson, Markus M Lerch

¹Department of Medicine A, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Strasse 23a, Greifswald 17475, Germany.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Gastroenterology

|March 16, 2010

Summary

Drug-induced pancreatitis is rare, accounting for 0.1-2% of cases. Certain medications like mesalazine, azathioprine, and simvastatin show higher risks, but causality is often difficult to confirm.

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Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

A Simple and Rapid Method for Simultaneous Isolation of Primary Islets and Primary Pancreatic Acinar Cells from Mice

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Published on: January 9, 2026

A Mouse Model for Chronic Pancreatitis via Bile Duct TNBS Infusion

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Published on: February 28, 2021

Sodium Taurocholate Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis in C57BL/6 Mice

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Published on: June 28, 2021

Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Gastroenterology
Toxicology

Background:

A World Health Organization database lists 525 drugs that can induce acute pancreatitis as an adverse reaction.
Drug-induced pancreatitis is a relatively rare cause of the disease, with an estimated incidence of 0.1-2% of all pancreatitis cases.
Establishing a definitive causal link between a drug and pancreatitis is challenging due to confounding factors and limited controlled trial data.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the available evidence on drug-induced acute pancreatitis.
To identify drugs with a higher risk of inducing pancreatitis.
To discuss the challenges in establishing causality and the typical clinical course of drug-induced pancreatitis.

Main Methods:

Analysis of a World Health Organization database of adverse drug reactions.
Review of epidemiological data and case reports.
Examination of evidence from controlled trials and case-control studies.

Main Results:

Mesalazine, azathioprine, and simvastatin are associated with the highest risk of pancreatitis.
Definitive causality has been established for only 31 drugs.
Drug-induced pancreatitis, when it occurs, is typically mild or subclinical.

Conclusions:

While numerous drugs can cause acute pancreatitis, it remains a rare adverse event.
Identifying specific causative agents and establishing direct causality can be difficult.
Further research is needed to elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms and confirm causal relationships for many suspect drugs.