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Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Biomechanical Changes Related to Low Back Pain: An Innovative Tool for Movement Pattern Assessment and Treatment Evaluation in Rehabilitation
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Biomechanical Changes Related to Low Back Pain: An Innovative Tool for Movement Pattern Assessment and Treatment Evaluation in Rehabilitation

Published on: December 13, 2024

Exercise therapy for chronic nonspecific low-back pain.

Marienke van Middelkoop1, Sidney M Rubinstein, Arianne P Verhagen

  • 1Department of General Practice, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology
|March 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Exercise therapy effectively reduces pain and improves function for chronic low back pain. While no single exercise type is superior, its overall benefits are small, and patient subgroups benefiting most remain unclear.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Therapy
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Musculoskeletal Health

Background:

  • Exercise therapy is a primary conservative treatment for low back pain.
  • Evidence suggests effectiveness for chronic, but not acute, low back pain.
  • Numerous trials on chronic low back pain have emerged recently.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of exercise therapy's effectiveness in patients with low back pain.
  • To synthesize findings from recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
  • To assess outcomes including pain, functional status, perceived recovery, and return to work.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic screening of existing Cochrane reviews and adherence to the Cochrane Back Review Group (CBRG) search strategy.
  • Inclusion of 37 RCTs involving adults (>=18 years) with chronic (>=12 weeks) non-specific low back pain.

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  • Data extraction on study characteristics, risk of bias, and outcomes using the GRADE approach for evidence quality.

    • Main Results:

    • Exercise therapy demonstrated improvements in post-treatment pain intensity and disability compared to usual care.
    • Long-term functional status was also improved with exercise therapy.
    • No specific exercise therapy type showed clear superiority over others.

    Conclusions:

    • Randomized controlled trials provide evidence that exercise therapy is effective for reducing pain and improving function in chronic low back pain.
    • The magnitude of treatment effects is generally small.
    • Further research is needed to identify patient subgroups that benefit most from specific exercise interventions.