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Adhesion

Adhesion

Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
Capillary action is a result of water’s adhesive tendencies. When a narrow glass...

Adherens Junctions

Adherens Junctions

Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types – adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
The endothelial cells...

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...

Laminins are the Adhesive Proteins of Basal Lamina

Laminins are the Adhesive Proteins of Basal Lamina

Laminins are heterotrimeric proteins with high molecular mass found in the extracellular matrix. Each laminin molecule is composed of three chains, viz. alpha, beta, and gamma, coded by five, four, and three paralogous genes, respectively. Laminins are categories based on the compositions of the three chains.
In humans, the five forms of alpha chains are LAMA 1, LAMA 2, LAMA 3, LAMA 4, and LAMA 5. The four forms of beta chains are LAMB 1, LAMB 2, LAMB 3, and LAMB 4. The three forms of gamma...

Anchoring Junctions

Anchoring Junctions

Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...

Selectins

Selectins

Cell adhesion is an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain, which...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Adhesion Frequency Assay for In Situ Kinetics Analysis of Cross-Junctional Molecular Interactions at the Cell-Cell Interface

Adhesion Frequency Assay for In Situ Kinetics Analysis of Cross-Junctional Molecular Interactions at the Cell-Cell Interface

Published on: November 2, 2011

Kindlins in FERM adhesion.

Nikolay L Malinin¹, Edward F Plow, Tatiana V Byzova

¹Department of Molecular Cardiology, Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA.

|March 16, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The Kindlin protein family regulates cell adhesion and matrix interactions. These crucial proteins are essential for integrin activation, impacting hemostasis, immunity, bone, and skin development.

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Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Adhesion Frequency Assay for In Situ Kinetics Analysis of Cross-Junctional Molecular Interactions at the Cell-Cell Interface

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Published on: November 2, 2011

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Published on: September 27, 2021

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Cell Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

The Kindlin protein family comprises three members: Kindlin-1, Kindlin-2, and Kindlin-3.
Kindlins are key regulators of cellular functions and cell-matrix interactions.
Integrin adhesion receptors require Kindlin proteins for their activation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in Kindlin protein family research.
To highlight newly identified functions of Kindlins.
To explore potential mechanisms behind the distinct activities of Kindlin family members.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent studies on Kindlin proteins.
Analysis of data from human genetic deficiencies and animal knockout models.
Synthesis of current understanding of Kindlin function and regulation.

Main Results:

Kindlin-1, -2, and -3 are indispensable for integrin activation in various physiological contexts.
Deficiencies in Kindlin-3 cause abnormalities in hemostasis, immune function, and bone.
Loss of Kindlin-1 results in severe skin defects.
Animal studies confirm the nonredundant roles of all three Kindlins in development and physiology.

Conclusions:

The Kindlin protein family plays critical, nonredundant roles in fundamental biological processes.
Further research into Kindlin functions and mechanisms is warranted.
Understanding Kindlin biology has implications for treating related disorders.