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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the anterior...
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Cranial and Spinal Meninges

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Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
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Induction and Micro-CT Imaging of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations in Mouse Model
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Induction and Micro-CT Imaging of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations in Mouse Model

Published on: September 4, 2017

Congenital Chiari malformations.

Prasad Vannemreddy1, Ali Nourbakhsh, Brian Willis

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA. prasad4458@hotmail.com

Neurology India
|March 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chiari malformation, a common craniovertebral junction anomaly, presents diagnostic and management challenges. Newer imaging techniques aid in understanding this complex condition and tailoring surgical treatments.

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A Novel Strategy Combining Array-CGH, Whole-exome Sequencing and In Utero Electroporation in Rodents to Identify Causative Genes for Brain Malformations
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Chiari malformation is the most frequent anomaly of the craniovertebral junction, affecting skeletal and neural structures.
  • Recent advancements in visualization techniques have introduced new challenges in diagnosing and managing this condition.
  • Understanding developmental theories is crucial for comprehending the embryonic defects underlying Chiari malformation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review developmental theories, current nomenclature, and treatment modalities for Chiari malformation.
  • To explore atypical and asymptomatic presentations and their classifications.
  • To discuss the role of advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) flow techniques in clinical correlation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of developmental theories.
  • Analysis of current nomenclature and classification systems.
  • Evaluation of existing and emerging treatment strategies, including surgical correction.

Main Results:

  • No single developmental theory fully explains all embryonic defects associated with Chiari malformation.
  • Atypical and asymptomatic presentations necessitate further classification and study.
  • New MRI flow techniques show promise in correlating subtle abnormalities with clinical findings.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical correction is the mainstay treatment, requiring tailoring to specific malformation types to improve cranial volume, reduce hydrocephalus, and enhance foramen magnum flow.
  • Further longitudinal studies on the natural history of atypical/asymptomatic presentations are needed.
  • Enhanced understanding of Chiari malformation will improve current management strategies.