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Ophthalmoplegic migraine: past, present and future
1Department of Neurology, PGIMER, Chandigarh - 160 012, India. vivekl44@yahoo.com
Neurology India
|March 16, 2010
Summary
Ophthalmoplegic migraine (OM) is a rare neurological disorder causing recurrent attacks of migraine headaches and ophthalmoplegia, typically involving the 3rd cranial nerve. Adult cases are rare, and a viral cause is suspected due to nerve enhancement seen on MRI.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Ophthalmology
- Pediatric Neurology
Background:
- Ophthalmoplegic migraine (OM) is a rare disorder presenting with recurrent migraine headaches and ophthalmoplegia.
- It typically manifests in childhood with frequent involvement of the 3rd cranial nerve.
Observation:
- Recurrent attacks characteristically involve the oculomotor nerve (3rd cranial nerve).
- Involvement of the abducens (6th) and trochlear (4th) nerves is less common.
- Gadolinium-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (GdMRI) reveals enhancement of the affected cranial nerves.
Findings:
- Adult-onset OM is exceptionally rare, primarily documented in case reports.
- The observed nerve enhancement on GdMRI suggests a potential viral pathogenesis for OM.
Implications:
- Understanding the pathogenesis of OM is crucial for diagnosis and management.
- Further research into viral triggers may elucidate OM mechanisms and inform treatment strategies.
- This review examines OM in both pediatric and adult populations, highlighting diagnostic and etiological considerations.
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