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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.Positive Frequency-Dependent SelectionIn positive...
Genetic Drift03:33

Genetic Drift

Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.Life is not fair. A deer grazing contentedly in a field can have her meal cut tragically short by a bolt of lightning. If the doomed doe is one of only three in the population, 1/3 of the population’s gene pool is lost. Random events like this can...
Evolution of New Traits in Microbes01:24

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes

Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...
Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.In the early 20th century,...
Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...

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Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
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Apparent directional selection by biased pleiotropic mutation.

Yoshinari Tanaka1

  • 1Research Center for Environmental Risk, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan. ytanaka@nies.go.jp

Genetica
|March 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Deleterious mutations with biased effects can create apparent directional selection, influencing evolutionary trajectories. However, true directional selection often compensates for these mutation-induced trait changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Quantitative genetics
  • Population genetics

Background:

  • Deleterious mutations can constrain evolution through pleiotropic effects.
  • Biased pleiotropic mutations can generate apparent directional selection on quantitative traits.
  • Understanding mutation bias is crucial for predicting evolutionary responses to selection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the balance between directional selection and biased pleiotropic mutations.
  • To decompose the directional selection gradient into apparent and true components.
  • To assess the contribution of apparent selection to evolutionary pressures.

Main Methods:

  • Mathematical modeling of gene action (additive effects on trait and fitness).
  • Decomposition of the variance-standardized directional selection gradient.
  • Analysis of experimental data on mutation bias in Drosophila and Daphnia.

Main Results:

  • Equilibrium trait mean is determined by a balance between directional selection and biased mutations.
  • Apparent selection explains a small but significant fraction of observed directional selection.
  • Biased pleiotropic mutations' effects are largely compensated by true directional selection.

Conclusions:

  • Biased pleiotropic mutations can influence evolutionary dynamics but are often counteracted by stronger true selection.
  • The interplay between mutation bias and selection shapes the evolution of quantitative traits.
  • Experimental data support the model's predictions regarding mutation bias and selection compensation.