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Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling
Published on: January 17, 2025
Do clients' problem-solving appraisals predict career counseling outcomes or vice versa? A reanalysis of Heppner, et
Dong-Gwi Lee1, Hyun-Joo Park, Mary J Heppner
1Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, South Korea. lee82@yonsei.ac.kr
Abstract:
Using Heppner, et al.'s data from 2004, this study tested career counseling clients in the United States on problem-solving appraisal scores and career-related variables. A cross-lagged panel design with structural equation modeling was used. Results supported the link between clients' precounseling problem-solving appraisal scores and career outcome. This finding held for career decision-making, but not for vocational identity. The study provided further support for Heppner, et al.'s findings, highlighting the influential role of clients' problem-solving appraisals in advancing their career decision-making processes.
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