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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this information.
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is also...
High-Level and Low-Level Awareness01:19

High-Level and Low-Level Awareness

Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the cerebellum's...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Biological Influences on Intelligence01:30

Biological Influences on Intelligence

Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter more...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
09:05

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

Published on: June 12, 2017

The relationship between working memory capacity and executive functioning: evidence for a common executive attention

David P McCabe1, Henry L Roediger1, Mark A McDaniel1

  • 1Department of Psychology.

Neuropsychology
|March 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Executive attention, encompassing executive functioning and working memory capacity, strongly predicts cognitive abilities. This executive attention component explains age-related memory decline and enhances episodic memory performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuropsychology
  • Human Development

Background:

  • Attentional control is viewed as executive functioning (neuropsychology) and working memory capacity (experimental psychology).
  • Understanding the relationship between these constructs is crucial for cognitive science.
  • Existing research has not fully elucidated the shared variance between executive functioning and working memory capacity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between executive functioning and working memory capacity.
  • To examine the role of these constructs in cognitive performance across the adult lifespan.
  • To determine the shared underlying component of attentional control.

Main Methods:

  • Factor analysis was employed on data from over 200 adult participants (ages 18-90).
  • Tests included measures of working memory capacity, executive function, processing speed, and episodic memory.
  • Correlational analyses examined the strength of relationships between cognitive constructs.

Main Results:

  • A very strong correlation (r = .97) was found between working memory capacity and executive functioning.
  • Correlations with processing speed were weaker (approx. r = .79).
  • Executive functioning and working memory capacity explained age-related variance in episodic memory and processing speed.

Conclusions:

  • Working memory capacity and executive function share a common executive attention component.
  • This executive attention component is a strong predictor of higher-level cognitive abilities.
  • Executive attention plays a significant role in episodic memory and processing speed across the lifespan.