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Related Concept Videos

Physical Properties of Amines01:26

Physical Properties of Amines

Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies

Treatment strategies for poisoning are a critical aspect of emergency medicine, focusing on preventing the absorption of toxins and enhancing their elimination. When a poisoning incident occurs, the first response is to halt exposure and decontaminate the patient, particularly through gastrointestinal (GI) methods if the poison was ingested.Gastrointestinal Decontamination Techniques:Activated charcoal is the cornerstone of GI decontamination. It works through adsorption, binding the toxin to...
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Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
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Titration of a Weak Base with a Strong Acid01:20

Titration of a Weak Base with a Strong Acid

The titration curve of a weak base like ammonia with a strong acid like hydrochloric acid is the mirror image of the titration curve of a weak acid with a strong base.
Using the ICE table and substituting the Kb value, we calculate the initial pH of 50 mL of 0.1 M ammonia to be 11.11. Addition of 25 mL of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid to this solution of ammonia results in a buffer with an equal concentration of ammonia and ammonium ions. The pH of this buffer can be calculated by substituting these...
Weak Base Solutions03:21

Weak Base Solutions

Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:

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Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films
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Tetramethylammonium hydroxide poisoning.

Chun-Chi Lin1, Chen-Chang Yang, Jiin Ger

  • 1Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, I-lan County, Taiwan, Republic of China.

Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
|March 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dermal exposure to Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) can cause severe toxicity, including respiratory failure and death. Prompt decontamination and respiratory support are crucial for managing TMAH exposure in industrial settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Industrial Toxicology
  • Occupational Health
  • Chemical Safety

Background:

  • Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) is extensively utilized in semiconductor and photoelectric manufacturing.
  • Concerns regarding TMAH toxicity have escalated due to recent fatalities in Taiwan.
  • This study investigates TMAH toxicity following dermal exposure.

Observation:

  • Analysis of 13 cases reported to the Taiwan Poison Control Center (PCC-Taiwan).
  • Three fatalities resulted from exposure to 25% TMAH.
  • One worker experienced severe systemic effects, including muscle weakness and respiratory distress, after exposure to 2.38% TMAH, but survived with supportive care.

Findings:

  • Dermal TMAH exposure can lead to both corrosive skin injury and systemic toxicity.
  • The tetramethylammonium ion is implicated in ganglionic toxicity, contributing to severe clinical manifestations.
  • Severity of effects correlates with TMAH concentration and exposure extent.

Implications:

  • Immediate skin decontamination and respiratory support are vital for managing dermal TMAH exposure.
  • Implementing preventive strategies is essential to reduce occupational risks associated with TMAH.
  • Further research into TMAH's toxicological mechanisms and effective treatments is warranted.