Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can have a...
Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Algorithms for Numerical Problem Solving01:29

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Algorithms for Numerical Problem Solving

Mechanistic models play a crucial role in algorithms for numerical problem-solving, particularly in nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NMEM). These models aim to minimize specific objective functions by evaluating various parameter estimates, leading to the development of systematic algorithms. In some cases, linearization techniques approximate the model using linear equations.
In individual population analyses, different algorithms are employed, such as Cauchy's method, which uses a...
Impact of Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Models: Regulatory Decisions01:15

Impact of Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Models: Regulatory Decisions

PK–PD modeling has significantly influenced FDA regulatory decisions, particularly drug approval, dosage optimization, and labeling. These models integrate pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) to predict drug behavior and effects, aiding in optimizing dosing regimens and enhancing the probability of clinical trial success.One notable example is Nesiritide (Natrecor®), a recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide for treating acute decompensated congestive heart failure (CHF).
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the brain can only use...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Primary prevention of Parkinson's disease: proceedings, the 8C's and a position statement from the Parkinson's disease prevention think tank.

NPJ Parkinson's disease·2026
Same author

Comparative impacts and cost-effectiveness of tuberculosis systematic screening strategies in prisons in Brazil, Colombia, and Peru: A mathematical modeling study.

PLoS medicine·2026
Same author

Potential Paths Forward from "On Representations and Quantifications of Uncertainty".

Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making·2026
Same author

A Tutorial on Discrete Event Simulation Models Using a Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Example in R.

Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making·2026
Same author

Health and Economic Impacts of Stable Housing Provision for Older Adults.

JAMA health forum·2026
Same author

PRE-CISE: A PRE-calibration Coverage, Identifiability, and SEnsitivity analysis workflow to streamline model calibration.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same journal

Development and Validation of a Brief Healthcare Insecurity Scale in a Sample of U.S. Adults Living with and without HIV.

Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research·2026
Same journal

A Competency Framework for Health Technology Assessment Expertise: Results from a Delphi Study.

Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research·2026
Same journal

Physician-led Switching from Reference Biologics to Biosimilars: What is the Effect on selected Health-Related Outcomes and Costs for IBD Patients in Germany?

Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research·2026
Same journal

Critical Comments by the European Medicines Agency on Patient-Reported Outcomes in Regulatory Submissions (2020-2023).

Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research·2026
Same journal

Interpreting the Economic Value of TPEx in Recurrent or Metastatic HNSCC: The Importance of Decision Context, Utility Timing, and Treatment Burden.

Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research·2026
Same journal

Development, use and psychometric properties of vision and hearing bolt-ons for EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L: a systematic review.

Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents
07:05

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents

Published on: September 10, 2018

Empirically evaluating decision-analytic models.

Jeremy D Goldhaber-Fiebert1, Natasha K Stout, Sue J Goldie

  • 1Stanford Health Policy, Centers for Health Policy and Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. eremygf@stanford.edu

Value in Health : the Journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research
|March 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Evaluating cost-effectiveness models against empirical data improves credibility. A structured format and comparison of a cervical cancer model showed consistent results, supporting model validity for decision-making.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents
07:05

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents

Published on: September 10, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Health economics
  • Epidemiological modeling
  • Public health

Background:

  • Model-based cost-effectiveness analyses are crucial for healthcare decision-making.
  • Augmenting model credibility requires evaluation against independent, empirical studies.
  • Standardized reporting of model evaluations is needed to facilitate assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a structured reporting format for evaluating cost-effectiveness models.
  • To characterize current recommendations and practices for model evaluation.
  • To illustrate the application of the reporting format using a human papillomavirus and cervical cancer microsimulation model.

Main Methods:

  • A structured reporting format for model evaluation was developed.
  • A systematic literature review identified 67 relevant articles on model evaluation practices.
  • A cervical cancer microsimulation model was evaluated against empirical data on cervical intraepithelial neoplasia progression.

Main Results:

  • The structured format includes matching baseline characteristics, reporting uncertainty, and stating consistency metrics.
  • Literature review revealed variability in current model evaluation reporting.
  • The cervical cancer model demonstrated consistent outputs with empirical study data for both treated and untreated women.

Conclusions:

  • Iterative evaluation of cost-effectiveness models against new studies is essential for external and projective validity.
  • Standardized reporting facilitates model assessment and enhances credibility.
  • Such evaluations are particularly important for models used in comparative effectiveness research.